http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Changes in the present challenge us to reinterpret the past, but historians have not yet come to grips with the convergence of computing, media, and communications technology. Today these things are inextricably intertwined, in technologies such as the smartphone and internet, in convergent industries, and in social practices. Yet they remain three distinct historical subfields, tilled by different groups of scholars using different tools. We often call this conglomeration "the digital," recognizing its deep connection to the technology of digital computing. Unfortunately, interdisciplinary studies of digital practices, digital methods, or digital humanities have rarely been informed by deep engagement with the history of computing. Contributors to this volume have come together to reexamine an apparently familiar era in the history of computing through new lenses, exploring early digital computing and engineering practice as digital phenomena rather than as engines of mathematics and logic. Most focus on the period 1945 to 1960, the era in which the first electronic digital computers were created and the computer industry began to develop. Because digitality is first and foremost a way of reading objects and encoding information within them, we are foregrounding topics that have until now been viewed as peripheral in the history of computing: betting odds calculators, card file systems, program and data storage, programmable calculators, and digital circuit design practices. Reconceptualizing the "history of computing" as study of the "early digital" decenters the stored program computer, repositioning it as one of many digital technologies.
1. Introduction -- 2. Inventing an Analog Past and a Digital Future in Computing -- 3. Forgotten Machines: The Need for a New Master Narrative -- 4. Calvin Mooers, Zatocoding, and Early Research on Information Re-trieval -- 5. Switching the engineer's mind set to Boolean. Applying Shannon's algebra to control circuits and digital computing (1938-1958) -- 6. The ENIAC Display: Insignia of a Digital Praxeology -- 7. The Evolution of Digital Computing Practice on the Cambridge University EDSAC, 1949-1951 -- 8. The Media of Programming -- 9. Foregrounding the Background: Business, Economics, Labor, and Government Policy as Shaping Forces in Early Digital Computing His-tory -- 10. "The Man with a Micro-calculator:" Digital Modernity and Late Soviet Computing Practices.