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Thinking without Negativity or Time as Striving
"In this highly original study Messay Kebede shows himself to be an incisive and instructive reader of Bergson. He ably shows the enduring philosophical value of Bergson's philosophy and its pertinence to core philosophical problems. Especially impressive is the way he brings Bergson into rapport with thinkers and practices of philosophy from Nietzsche to phenomenology. The book is a most welcome contribution to the ongoing renaissance of interest in Bergson." - Keith Ansell-Pearson, University of Warwick, UK "With a new wave of Bergson scholarship emerging, Kebede's timely book will be both welcomed by and challenging to Bergson scholars. Rigorously navigating Bergson's major concepts, Kebede uses the notion of self-overcoming to open up new ways of understanding Bergson and resolving many of the tensions within the receptions of Bergson's philosophy. This is necessary reading for Bergson scholars." -Mark William Westmoreland, Villanova University, USA This book proposes a new reading of Bergsonism based on the admission that time, conceived as duration, stretches instead of passes. This swelling time is full and so excludes the negative. Yet, swelling requires some resistance, but such that it is more of a stimulant than a contrariety. The notion of élan vital fulfills this requirement: it states the immanence of life to matter, thereby deriving the swelling from an internal effort and allowing its conceptualization as self-overcoming. With self-overcoming as the inner dynamics of reality, Bergson dismisses all forms of dualism and reductionist monism because both the absence of negativity and the swelling nature of time posit a creative process yielding a qualitatively diverse world. This graded oneness is how the lower level activates intensification by turning into limitation, making possible higher levels of achievement, in particular through the union of mind and body and the integration of openness and closed sociability.
1. Introduction -- 2. Intuitive Knowledge via the Inversion of Intelligence -- 3. Duration and Self-Striving -- 4. Life as the Inversion of Materiality -- 5. Perception and the Genesis of the Subject -- 6. Memory and the Being of the Subject -- 7. Mysticism or the Overstepping of Nature.