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Gender and Sexuality in Stoic Philosophy
This book investigates the Ancient Stoic thinkers' views on gender and sexuality. A detailed scrutiny of metaphysics, ethics and political philosophy reveals that the Stoic philosophers held an exceptionally equal view of men and women's rational capacities. In its own time, Stoicism was frequently called ' the manly school' of philosophy, but this volume shows that the Stoics would have also transformed many traditional notions of masculinity. Malin Grahn-Wilder compares the earlier philosophies of Plato and Aristotle to show that the Stoic position often stands out within Ancient philosophy as an exceptionally bold defense of women's possibilities to achieve the highest form of wisdom and happiness. The work argues that the Stoic metaphysical notion of human being is based on strikingly egalitarian premises, and opens new perspectives to Stoic philosophy on the whole.
1. Introduction -- 2. The Origin of Gender: Myths and Biology -- 3. Semen, Zeus and the Birth of Cosmos: Gender in Stoic Cosmogony and Cosmology -- 4. The Metaphysical Insignificance of Gender -- 5. Perfumed Men and Bearded Philosophers - The Stoics on Signs of Gender -- 6. Fiery and Cold Natures - Stoic Physiognomics of Gender -- 7. Fiery and Cold Natures - Stoic Physiognomics of Gender -- 8. The Stoics on Equal Educability of Girls and Boys, and the Origin Gendered Characteristics -- 9. To Become Properly Manly - Gender, Happiness and the Figure of the Sage -- 10. How to Take 'Certain Spasms' Calmly - Sexuality in Stoic Philosophical Therapy -- 11. Gender, Politics and Economics: from Plato's Utopianism to Cynic Radicalism -- 12. "Holding Women in Common" - Gender in Early Stoic Utopias -- 13. Is it Possible to Marry and Be Happy? The Later Stoics on Matrimony and Modes of Life -- 14. Gender and Stoic Cosmopolitanism -- 15. Conclusion.