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Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science
This volume is a serious attempt to open up the subject of European philosophy of science to real thought, and provide the structural basis for the interdisciplinary development of its specialist fields, but also to provoke reflection on the idea of ‘European philosophy of science’. This efforts should foster a contemporaneous reflection on what might be meant by philosophy of science in Europe and European philosophy of science, and how in fact awareness of it could assist philosophers interpret and motivate their research through a stronger collective identity. The overarching aim is to set the background for a collaborative project organising, systematising, and ultimately forging an identity for, European philosophy of science by creating research structures and developing research networks across Europe to promote its development. As such under the general rubric of ‘the present situation in the philosophy of science’, the emphasis is on as a first step identifying traditions and research structures already present, and the directions in which this research was leading. The European perspective in philosophy of science is the inclusion of the historical roots of current debates and the focus on methodological problems that cross the various sub-disciplines. This historical dimension is complemented by the evident broad scope of European philosophy of science which embodies not only a strong tradition of history and philosophy of science, history of philosophy of science, but also philosophy with respect to the cultural and social sciences as part of (not separate to) the discipline, combined with more traditional philosophical issues and approaches, such as the application of formal methods, the problem of realism, determinism and chance or the natural kinds debate. This consideration of general philosophical questions in science is married to a strong tradition of engaging naturalistically with the particular philosophical issues in individual sciences where there exists a prerogative of being closely schooled in the relevant scientific theory and research context. Additionally, one can refer to particular positions, like ‘structural realism’, as ‘European’, having their origin and their centre of pursuit, and indeed their historical links, in the context of European research.
History of the Philosophy of Science -- Some Remarks on Current History of Analytical Philosophy of Science -- History of Philosophy of Science as Philosophy of Science by Other Means? -- Aspects of Current History of Philosophy of Science in the French Tradition -- Reflections on Chimisso: French Philosophy of Science and the Historical Method -- Aspects of Current History of 19TH Century Philosophy of Science -- Well, and Pragmatism? -- Formal Methods -- Formal and Empirical Methods in Philosophy of Science -- The Bane of Two Truths -- Formal Methods in the Philosophy of Natural Science -- The Problem of Constrained Judgment Aggregation -- Aggregation Problems and Models: What Comes First? -- Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences -- Life in a Physical World: The Place of the Life Sciences -- Comments on Marcel Weber’s “Life in a Physical World: The Place of the Life Sciences” -- How Special are the Life Sciences? A View from the Natural Kinds Debate -- The Epistemology-Only Approach to Natural Kinds: A Reply to Thomas Reydon -- Reductionism in Biology: An Example of Biochemistry -- Reductionist and Antireductionist Stances in the Health Sciences -- Philosophy of the Cultural and Social Sciences -- Trends and Problems in Philosophy of Social and Cultural Sciences: A European Perspective -- State of the Art A Commentary on Wenceslao J. Gonzalez’ Contribution, “Trends and Problems in Philosophy of Social and Cultural Sciences: A European Perspective” -- Scientific Realism, the New Mechanical Philosophers, and the Friends of Modelling -- Is Naturalism the Unsurpassable Philosophy for the Sciences of Man in the 21st Century? -- What Does it Mean to Be a Naturalist in the Human and Social Sciences? -- Philosophy of the Physical Sciences -- Reichenbach and the Conventionality of Distant Simultaneity in Perspective -- On Various Senses of “Conventional” and Their Interrelation in the Philosophy of Physics: Simultaneity as a Case Study -- Determinism and Chance from a Humean Perspective -- What Remains of Probability? -- Humean Perspectives on Structural Realism -- The Characterisation of Structure: Definition versus Axiomatisation.
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