Educational research : a guide to the process /

• Main Author: Wallen, Norman E.
• Other Authors: Fraenkel, Jack R., 1932-
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.
• Edition: 2nd ed.
• Subjects: Education > Research.; EDUCATION > Research.; Electronic books.

Table of Contents:

• Basic Concepts of Educational Research
• Introduction to Educational Research
• Empirical Versus Nonempirical Research
• Basic Versus Applied Research
• The Research Question
• Stating a Question
• Refining the Question
• Feasibility
• Clarity
• Significance
• Ethics and Research
• Protecting Participants From Harm
• Ensuring Confidentiality of Research Data
• Should Subjects Be Deceived?
• Variables and Hypotheses
• Relationships
• Variables
• Measured and Categorical Variables
• Independent and Dependent Variables
• Extraneous Variables and Constants
• Hypotheses
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Stating Questions as Hypotheses
• Directional Versus Nondirectional Hypotheses
• Reviewing the Literature
• Types of References
• Steps Involved in a Literature Review
• A Computer Search of the Literature
• An Example of a Computer Search
• Researching the World Wide Web
• Meta-Analysis
• Try a Literature Review of Your Own
• Instrumentation
• The Process of Instrument Development: An Example
• The Rating Scale
• Reliability and Validity
• The Observation Record
• More About Reliability and Validity
• Validity
• Reliability
• Checking Reliability and Validity
• More on Instrumentation
• The Structured Interview Schedule
• Ability Tests
• Projective Tests
• Locating a Suitable Instrument
• Developing Your Own Instrument
• Samples and Populations
• The Process of Selecting a Sample
• Samples Versus Populations
• Defining the Population
• Target Versus Accessible Populations.