Ultrasound and elastic waves frequently asked questions
Ultrasound has found an increasing number of applications in recent years due to greatly increased computing power. Ultrasound devices are often preferred over other devices because of their lower cost, portability, and non-invasive nature. Patients using ultrasound can avoid the dangers of radiolog...
| Κύριος συγγραφέας: | |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: | |
| Μορφή: | Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Βιβλίο |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Έκδοση: |
Amsterdam Boston
Academic Press
c2002
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| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click for information An electronic book accessible through the World Wide Web; click for information Publisher description Table of contents |
Πίνακας περιεχομένων:
- List of Figures
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Definitions and Background
- 3 Wave Propagation Concepts
- 4 Wave Interactions
- 5 Hardware: Equipment Concepts
- 6 Software: Data Processing
- App. 1 Stress, Strain, and Elasticity (Also Vectors and Tensors)
- App. 2 The Generalized Hooke's Law
- App. 3 States of Stress or Strain in Waves
- App. 4 Balance of Forces and Newton's Law of Inertia
- App. 5 Theory of Wave Propagation
- App. 6 Solutions to the Wave Equations
- App. 7 Dispersion, Group Velocity
- App. 8 Transducer Beam Forming
- App. 9 Solutions for Anisotropy
- App. 10 Oblique Interactions between Waves and Boundaries
- App. 11 Lateral Stress and Strain in Rods under Axial Loads
- App. 12 Bending Waves in Beams and Plates
- App. 13 Time-Domain Analysis
- References
- Index
- Machine generated contents note: LIST OF FIGURES xi
- PREFACE xvii
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxi
- I Introduction
- What is Ultrasonics? 1
- How has UT Technology Progressed? 1
- What Are Some Current Industrial/Manufacturing Applications
- of UT? 2
- What Are the Major Medical Applications of UT? 5
- What Are Some Unique Applications of UT? 7
- 2 Definitions and Background
- What is a Wave? 9
- What are the Quantitative Measures of a Wave? 14
- What is Elasticity? 17
- What are the Units of Elasticity, Density, and Wavespeed? 22
- 3 Wave Propagation Concepts
- What are the Types of Elastic Waves? 25
- What is a UT Beam? 35
- How Does a Propagating Wave Change? 40
- 4 Wave Interactions
- How Do Two or More Waves Interact? 45
- How Does a Wave Interact with a Nonuniform Object? 61
- 5 Hardware: Equipment Concepts
- 6 Software: Data Processing
- What Does Software Do? 85
- A. What are the Types of Time-Domain Analyses? 86
- B. What Are the Types of Spectral Analysis? 101
- C. What Statistical Measurements Are Taken? 108
- D. What Is Imaging? 117
- APPENDIX I
- Stress, Strain, and Elasticity (Also Vectors and Tensors) 121
- A. Elasticity 121
- B. Stress 122
- C. Strain 128
- D. Alternative Indicial Notation 130
- APPENDIX 2
- The Generalized Hooke's Law 131
- A. Hooke's Law 131
- B. Stiffness in Rotated Axes 132
- C. Special Classes of Elastic Materials 133
- APPENDIX 3
- States of Stress or Strain in Waves 139
- A. States of Uniaxial Stress or Strain 139
- B. Uniaxial Stress-Strain Relationships 143
- APPENDIX 4
- Balance of Forces and Newton's Law of Inertia 147
- A. One-Dimensional System 148
- B. Three-Dimensional Systems 148
- APPENDIX 5
- Theory of Wave Propagation 151
- A. One-Dimensional Systems 151
- B. Three-Dimensional Systems 154
- C. Wave Excitations 155
- APPENDIX 6
- Solutions to the Wave Equations 159
- A. Fundamental Solution Types 159
- B. Separation of Variables 163
- C. Plane Waves in Two or Three Dimensions 163
- D. Plane Wave Solutions 165
- APPENDIX 7
- Dispersion, Group Velocity 169
- A. Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Media 170
- B. Wave Propagation in a Thick Rod 171
- C. Bending Waves 172
- APPENDIX 8
- Transducer Beam Forming 175
- A. Simplified Analysis of Beam Forming 175
- B. Analysis of Radial Variation over Beam 176
- C. Analysis of Axial Variation of BeamStrength 180
- APPENDIX 9
- Solutions for Anisotropy 183
- A. Wavespeed 184
- B. Material (Particle) Motion and the Principal Directions (Vectors)
- 186
- C. Special Cases 187
- D. Group Velocity 191
- APPENDIX 10
- Oblique Interactions between Waves and Boundaries 195
- A. Oblique Free-Surface Reflection of a Longitudinal Wave 195
- B. Oblique Free Surface Reflection of a Transverse Wave 198
- C. Refraction (Oblique Transmission) of a Longitudinal or Trans-
- verse Wave 200
- D. Rayleigh Waves 201
- APPENDIX I I
- Lateral Stress and Strain in Rods under Axial Loads 205
- A. Simple Approximation for Thin Rods 205
- B. The Mindlin-Herrmann Approximation 206
- APPENDIX 12
- Bending Waves in Beams and Plates 21 1
- A. Bending of Beams 211
- B. Thin Plates 217
- APPENDIX 13
- Time-Domain Analysis 221
- A. The Hilbert Transform and the Analytic Envelope and Phase
- 221
- B. Time-Domain Signal Conditioning 223
- REFERENCES 229
- INDEX 231
