Cryocoolers 12

• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Ross, Ronald G. (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Boston, MA : Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 2003.
• Θέματα: Physics.; Mechanics.; Thermodynamics.; Condensed matter.; Automotive engineering.; Condensed Matter Physics.; Automotive Engineering.

 The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range. 

 Government Cryocooler Development Programs -- Space Stirling Cryocooler Developments -- Tactical and Commercial Stirling Cryocoolers -- Tactical and Commercial Pulse Tube Cryocoolers -- Space Pulse Tube Cryocooler Developments -- Linear Compressor Development and Modeling -- GM-Type Pulse Tube Coolers for Low Temperatures -- Hybrid Cryocoolers Using Pulse Tubes -- Pulse Tube Analyses and Experimental Measurements -- GM Refrigerator Developments -- Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Investigations -- Regenerator Materials Development -- Regenerator Performance Analyses and Tests -- Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler Developments -- J-T and Throttle-Cycle Cryocooler Developments -- Sorption Cryocooler Developments -- Sub-Kelvin and Optical Refrigerator Developments -- Cryocooler Integration Technologies -- Space Cryocooler Applications -- Commercial Cryocooler Applications.