Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology

• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Gilbert, Allan S. (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer, 2017.
• Σειρά: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series,
• Θέματα: Social sciences.; Geotechnical engineering.; Anthropology.; Archaeology.; Social Sciences.; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences.

 Geoarchaeology is the archaeological subfield that focuses on archaeological information retrieval and problem solving utilizing the methods of geological investigation. Archaeological recovery and analysis are already geoarchaeological in the most fundamental sense because buried remains are contained within and removed from an essentially geological context. Yet geoarchaeological research goes beyond this simple relationship and attempts to build collaborative links between specialists in archaeology and the earth sciences to produce new knowledge about past human behavior using the technical information and methods of the geosciences. The principal goals of geoarchaeology lie in understanding the relationships between humans and their environment. These goals include (1) how cultures adjust to their ecosystem through time, (2) what earth science factors were related to the evolutionary emergence of humankind, and (3) which methodological tools involving analysis of sediments and landforms, documentation and explanation of change in buried materials, and measurement of time will allow access to new aspects of the past. This encyclopedia defines terms, introduces problems, describes techniques, and discusses theory and strategy, all in a format designed to make specialized details accessible to the public as well as practitioners. It covers subjects in environmental archaeology, dating, materials analysis, and paleoecology, all of which represent different sources of specialist knowledge that must be shared in order to reconstruct, analyze, and explain the record of the human past. It will not specifically cover sites, civilizations, and ancient cultures, etc., that are better described in other encyclopedias of world archaeology. The Editor Allan S. Gilbert is Professor of Anthropology at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York. He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University, and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. were earned at Columbia University. His areas of research interest include the Near East (late prehistory and early historic periods) as well as the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S. (historical archaeology). His specializations are in archaeozoology of the Near East and geoarchaeology, especially mineralogy and compositional analysis of pottery and building materials. Publications have covered a range of subjects, including ancient pastoralism, faunal quantification, skeletal microanatomy, brick geochemistry, and two co-edited volumes on the marine geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea basin.  . 

 ’Ain Ghazal -- Akrotiri Aetokremno, Cyprus --  Alluvial Settings --  Amino Acid Racemization --  Analysis of Carbon, Nitrogen, pH, Phosphorus, and Carbonates as Tools in Geoarchaeological Research --  Anthrosols --  40Ar/39Ar and K–Ar Geochronology --  Archaeological Stratigraphy --  Archaeomagnetic Dating --  Archaeomineralogy --  Archaeoseismology --  Arctic Geoarchaeology: Site Formation Processes --  Artifact Conservation --  Atapuerca --  Beringia, Geoarchaeology --  Big Eddy Site, Missouri --  Blombos Cave --  Boxgrove --  Built Environment --  Burned-Rock Features --  Cactus Hill, Virginia --  Caves and Aqueducts in the Ancient World --  Casper Site, Wyoming --  Çatalhöyük --  Cave Settings --  Ceramics --  Cerén --  Chemical Alteration --  Chronostratigraphy --  Climatostratigraphy (Climostratigraphy) --  Coastal Settings --  Colluvial Settings --  Cosmogenic Isotopic Dating --  Data Visualization --  Dendrochronology --  Dmanisi --  Dolní Věstonice, Pavlov, Milovice --  Dumps and Landfill --  Dust Cave, Alabama --  Eastern Sahara: Combined Prehistoric Expedition --  El Mirón Cave --  Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetism --  Electron Probe Microanalyzer --  Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in Archaeological Context --  Eolian Settings: Loess --  Eolian Settings: Sand --  Ethnogeoarchaeology --  Experimental Geoarchaeology --  Field Geochemistry --  Field Survey --  Fission Track Dating --  Fluorine Dating --  Forensic Geoarchaeology --  Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) --  Gas Chromatography --  Geoarchaeology, History --  Geochemical Sourcing --  Geographical Information Systems (GIS) --  Geomorphology --  Geophysics --  Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov --  Glacial Settings --  Glass --  Grain Size Analysis --  Great Plains Geoarchaeology --  Grimaldi Caves --  Ground-Penetrating Radar --  Harappa --  Harbors and Ports, Ancient --  Harris Matrices and the Stratigraphic Record --  Haua Fteah --  Hearths and Combustion Features --  Hohle Fels --  House Pits and Grubenhäuser --  Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) --  Inundated Freshwater Settings --  Isernia --  Isochron Dating --  Java (Indonesia) --  Kebara Cave --  Kennewick Man --  Kostenki, Russia --  Koster Site, Illinois --  La Micoque --  Lake Mungo and Willandra --  Landscape Archaeology --  Lead Isotopes --  Liang Bua --  Lithics --  Living Surfaces --  Loessic Paleolithic, Tajikistan --  Luminescence Dating of Pottery and Bricks --  Magnetometry for Archaeology --  Mass Movement --  Metals --  Microstratigraphy --  Minnesota Messenia Expedition (MME) --  Monte Circeo Caves --  Monte Verde --  Mount Carmel --  Neutron Activation Analysis --  Niah Cave --  Olduvai --  Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating --  Organic Residues --  Ötzi, the Tyrolean Iceman --  Oxygen Iotopes --  Paleopathology --  Paleodemography: Methods and Recent Advances --  Paleodiet --  Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction --  Paleomagnetism --  Paleoshores (Lakes and Sea) --  Paludal Settings (Wetland Archaeology) --  Pastoral Sites --  Petroglyphs --  Petrography --  Pigments --  Pinnacle Point --  Pompeii and Herculaneum --  Poverty Point Site, Louisiana --  Pre-Clovis Geoarchaeology --  Privies and Latrines --  Radiocarbon Dating --  Raman --  Remote Sensing in Archaeology --  Rockshelter Settings --  Santorini --  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --  Sedimentology --  Shell Middens --  Shipwreck Geoarchaeology --  Site Formation Processes --  Site Preservation --  Soil Geomorphology --  Soil Micromorphology --  Soil Stratigraphy --  Soil Survey --  Soils --  Soils, Agricultural --  Southwestern US Geoarchaeology --  Speleothems --  Spring Settings --  Stable Carbon Isotopes in Soils --  Sterkfontein/Swartkrans/Kromdraai --  Stonehenge --  Stratigraphy --  Strontium Isotopes --  Submerged Continental Shelf Prehistory --  Susceptibility --  Swanscombe --  Tells --  Tephrochronology --  Tombs --  Trampling --  Troy --  Tsunamis --  ‘Ubeidiya --  U-Series Dating --  Volcanoes and People --  Wells and Reservoirs --  X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry in Geoarchaeology --  X-ray Diffraction (XRD) --  York --  Zhoukoudian. .