Biofuels, Solar and Wind as Renewable Energy Systems Benefits and Risks /

• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Pimentel, David (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008.
• Θέματα: Environment.; Renewable energy resources.; Renewable energy sources.; Alternate energy sources.; Green energy industries.; Energy industries.; Environmental management.; Sustainable development.; Environmental Management.; Renewable and Green Energy.; Environment, general.; Energy Economics.; Sustainable Development.

 With shortages of fossil energy, especially oil and natural gas, and heavy biomass energy use occurring in both developed and developing countries, a major focus has developed worldwide on renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems include wind power, biomass, photovoltaics, hydropower, solar thermal, thermal ponds, and biogas. Currently, a heavy focus is on biofuels made from crops, such as corn, sugarcane, and soybeans, for use as renewable energy sources. Wood and crop residues also are being used as fuel. Though it may seem beneficial to use renewable plant materials for biofuel, the use of crop residues and other biomass for biofuels raises many concerns about major environmental problems, including food shortages and serious destruction of vital soil resources. All renewable energy systems need to be investigated because humankind has only about 40 years of oil and gas reserves remaining. There is a 50 to 100 year supply of coal resources in the ground, but coal will become increasingly difficult to extract and will greatly increase the global warming threat. Serious energy conservation and research on viable renewable energy technologies are needed. This book considers the effectiveness and economics of several renewable energy technologies of current interest, including biofuels, solar and wind. 

 Renewable and Solar Energy Technologies: Energy and Environmental Issues -- Can the Earth Deliver the Biomass-for-Fuel we Demand? -- A Review of the Economic Rewards and Risks of Ethanol Production -- Subsidies to Ethanol in the United States -- Peak Oil, EROI, Investments and the Economy in an Uncertain Future -- Wind Power: Benefits and Limitations -- Renewable Diesel -- Complex Systems Thinking and Renewable Energy Systems -- Sugarcane and Ethanol Production and Carbon Dioxide Balances -- Biomass Fuel Cycle Boundaries and Parameters: Current Practice and Proposed Methodology -- Our Food and Fuel Future -- A Framework for Energy Alternatives: Net Energy, Liebig’s Law and Multi-criteria Analysis -- Bio-Ethanol Production in Brazil -- Ethanol Production: Energy and Economic Issues Related to U.S. and Brazilian Sugarcane -- Ethanol Production Using Corn, Switchgrass and Wood; Biodiesel Production Using Soybean -- Developing Energy Crops for Thermal Applications: Optimizing Fuel Quality, Energy Security and GHG Mitigation -- Organic and Sustainable Agriculture and Energy Conservation -- Biofuel Production in Italy and Europe: Benefits and Costs, in the Light of the Present European Union Biofuel Policy -- The Power Density of Ethanol from Brazilian Sugarcane -- A Brief Discussion on Algae for Oil Production: Energy Issues.