Shipbreaking: Hazards and Liabilities

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Galley, Michael (Συγγραφέας)
• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2014.
• Θέματα: Law.; Environmental sciences.; Private international law.; Conflict of laws.; International law.; Comparative law.; Trade.; Law of the sea.; International environmental law.; Quality control.; Reliability.; Industrial safety.; International Environmental Law.; Law of the Sea, Air and Outer Space.; Environmental Science and Engineering.; Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law.; International Economic Law, Trade Law.; Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk.

 Most of the world’s redundant ships are scrapped on the beaches of the Indian sub-continent, largely by hand. As well as cargo residues and wastes, ships contain high levels of hazardous materials that are released into the surrounding ecology when scrapped. The scrapping process is labour-intensive and largely manual; injuries and death are commonplace. Shipbreaking was a relatively obscure industry until the late 1990s. In just 12 years, action by environmental NGOs has led to the ratification of an international treaty targeting the extensive harm to human and environmental health arising from this heavy, polluting industry; it has also produced important case law. Attempts to regulate the industry via the Basel Convention have resulted in a strong polarization of opinion as to its applicability, and various international guidelines have also failed because of their voluntary nature. The adoption of the Hong Kong Convention in 2009 was a serious attempt to introduce international controls to this industry. 

 1. Industry Development and the Process of Disposal -- 2. The Role and Application of International Law -- 3. Legislation -- 4. Ship Registration, Owner Anonymity and Sub-Standard Shipping -- 5. Case Studies and Legal Judgements -- 6 The Hong Kong Convention 2009 -- 7. Other Proposals -- 8. Conclusions.