Heuristic Reasoning

• Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Other Authors: Ippoliti, Emiliano (Editor)
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2015.
• Series: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 16
• Subjects: Engineering.; Operations research.; Decision making.; Epistemology.; Logic.; Philosophy and science.; Computational intelligence.; Computational Intelligence.; Philosophy of Science.; Operation Research/Decision Theory.

 How can we advance knowledge? Which methods do we need in order to make new discoveries? How can we rationally evaluate, reconstruct and offer discoveries as a means of improving the ‘method’ of discovery itself? And how can we use findings about scientific discovery to boost funding policies, thus fostering a deeper impact of scientific discovery itself? The respective chapters in this book provide readers with answers to these questions. They focus on a set of issues that are essential to the development of types of reasoning for advancing knowledge, such as models for both revolutionary findings and paradigm shifts; ways of rationally addressing scientific disagreement, e.g. when a revolutionary discovery sparks considerable disagreement inside the scientific community; frameworks for both discovery and inference methods; and heuristics for economics and the social sciences. 

 Reasoning at the frontier of knowledge: Introductory essay -- Why should the logic of discovery be revived? A reappraisal -- Are Heuristics Knowledge-Enhancing?Abduction, Models, and Fictions in Science -- Heuristic Appraisal at the Frontier of Research -- Why do Scientific Revolutions begin? -- Withstanding Tensions: Scientific Disagreement and Epistemic Tolerance -- Heuristics as Methods:  Validity, Reliability and Velocity -- Dynamic generation of hypotheses: Mandelbrot, Soros and Far-From-Equilibrium.