Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa

• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Lal, Rattan (Επιμελητής έκδοσης), Singh, Bal Ram (Επιμελητής έκδοσης), Mwaseba, Dismas L. (Επιμελητής έκδοσης), Kraybill, David (Επιμελητής έκδοσης), Hansen, David O. (Επιμελητής έκδοσης), Eik, Lars Olav (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2015.
• Θέματα: Environment.; Climate change.; Environmental management.; Soil science.; Soil conservation.; Sustainable development.; Soil Science & Conservation.; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts.; Sustainable Development.; Environmental Management.

 Whereas the Green Revolution of the 1960’s and 1970’s in South Asia and elsewhere did not happen in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), several regions of SSA have experienced substantial improvements in crop yields and growth in agricultural production since the beginning of the 21st century. Yet, no drastic increase in per capita food grain production has occurred, primarily because of rapid rates of population growth. On the contrary, per capita food production has decreased in East Africa, Southern Africa and Central Africa. Thus, hunger, malnutrition and poverty remain endemic throughout SSA.  Agriculture in SSA is vulnerable to harsh and uncertain climate variations. Resource-poor and small landholders are particularly susceptible to their negative impacts. SSA is one of the global hotspots for adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production and the environment. These include severe problems of soil degradation, nutrient and organic matter depletion, water contamination and eutrophication, and loss of biodiversity, especially the below-ground’s diversity. Thus sustainable intensification (SI) can play an important role in enhancing agricultural production while restoring degraded/desertified soils, mitigating global warming by sequestering atmospheric CO2 in soils and vegetation (forests), adapting to climate change by using recommended management practices of the so called “climate-resilient” or “climate-strategic” agriculture, improving farm income, and empowering women and other under-privileged populations.  The relevance of SI is more now than ever before because of decreasing per capita arable land area, competing uses of land for non-agricultural purposes, increasing risks of land/soil degradation, and changing and uncertain climate. Resource-poor and smallholder farmers of SSA neither have the capacity to adapt nor have the resilience to recover. 

 Introduction -- 1 Sustainable Intensification for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change and Advancement of Food Security in Africa -- Land Use and Farming System -- 2 Geopedological and Landscape Dynamic Controls on Productivity Potentials and Constraints in Selected Spatial Entities in Sub Saharan Africa -- 3 Land Degradation and Soil Carbon Pool in Different Land Uses and their Implication for Food Security in Southern Ethiopia -- 4 Land use Impact on Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Storage in a typical Dry Land District in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia -- 5 Climate Risk Management through Sustainable Land Management in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 6 Effects of Land Cover Changes on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Eastern Mau Forest Reserve, Kenya -- Effects of Climate Change and Crop Yield -- 7 Soil Erosion Hazard under the Current and Potential Climate Change Induced Loss of Soil Organic Matter in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) River Basin, Ethiopia -- 8 Climate Change and Crop Yield in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 9 Factors in Smallholder Farmers’ Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in the Uluguru Mountains, Morogoro, Tanzania -- 10 Using Climate and Crop Simulation Models for Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Agronomic Practices and Productivity -- Soil Nutrient and Water Management For Carbon Sequestration -- 11 Microdosing of Mineral Fertilizer and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 12 Approaches to Reinforce Crop Productivity under Water-limited Conditions in Sub-humid Environments in Africa -- 13 Effect of In situ Soil Water Harvesting Techniques and Local Plant Nutrient Resources on Grain Yield of Drought Resistant Sorghum Varieties in Semi-arid zone, Tanzania -- Rehabilitation of Degraded Land Through Forestry and Agro-Forestry -- 14 Restoration of Degraded Lands Affected by Salinization Process under Climate Change Conditions: Impacts on Food Security in the River Valley of Senegal -- 15 Tree Integration In Banana Based Cropping Systems: A Case Study Of Jinja -- 16 Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands: Sustainable Land Management Practices/ Techniques Commonly Used in Niger Republic, West Africa -- 17 Soil Organic Carbon Stocks of Kitonga Catchment Forest Reserve, Tanzania: Variations with Elevation -- Management of Animal Production for Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 18 Alternative Goat Kid-Rearing Systems for Improved Performance and Milk Sharing between Humans and Offspring in Climate Change Mitigation -- 19 Reducing GHG Emissions from Traditional Livestock Systems to Mitigate Changing Climate and Biodiversity -- 20 Feeding Strategies for Improved Beef Productivity and Reduced GHG Emission in Tanzania: Effect of Type of Finish-feeding on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Zebu Steers -- Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change -- 21 Enhancing Resilience of Food Production Systems under Changing Climate and Soil Degradation in Semi Arid and Highlands of Tanzania -- 22 A Risk-Based Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation in Dryland Systems Based on an Understanding of Potential Production, Soil Resistance and Resilience, and Social Stability -- 23 Use of Conservation Tillage and Cropping Systems to Sustain Crop Yields under Drought Conditions in Zambia -- 24 Sustainable Intensification of Maize and Rice in Small-holder Farming Systems under Climate Change in Tanzania -- 25 Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change in Semi arid Areas of Tanzania: Experiences from Iramba and Meatu Districts -- Economic, Social and Policy Issues -- 26 Exploring the Meso-level of Agricultural Carbon Finance Projects -- 27 Community, Climate Change and Sustainable Intensification: Why Gender is Important -- 28 Designing Environmental Instruments for Developing Economies under Asymmetric Information: Direct Cost Subsidy versus Tax Cut -- 29 Farming Systems in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence of Changes in Livelihood Patterns and Poverty among Smallholder Farmers -- 30 Carbon Markets Impacts on Farm Management Practices on Mount Kilimanjaro -- 31 Adaptation to Climate Change: Changing Gender relations in Meatu and Iramba Districts in Tanzania -- Conclusion -- 32 Forgotten Facts: Research and Development Priorities -- Appendix -- Working Group Recommendations.