Artificial Gauge Fields with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Aidelsburger, Monika (Συγγραφέας)
• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2016.
• Σειρά: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,
• Θέματα: Physics.; Phase transformations (Statistical physics).; Condensed materials.; Condensed matter.; Low temperature physics.; Low temperatures.; Quantum computers.; Spintronics.; Quantum Gases and Condensates.; Low Temperature Physics.; Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics.

 This work reports on the generation of artificial magnetic fields with ultracold atoms in optical lattices using laser-assisted tunneling, as well as on the first Chern-number measurement in a non-electronic system. It starts with an introduction to the Hofstadter model, which describes the dynamics of charged particles on a square lattice subjected to strong magnetic fields. This model exhibits energy bands with non-zero topological invariants called Chern numbers, a property that is at the origin of the quantum Hall effect. The main part of the work discusses the realization of analog systems with ultracold neutral atoms using laser-assisted-tunneling techniques both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. Staggered, homogeneous and spin-dependent flux distributions are generated and characterized using two-dimensional optical super-lattice potentials. Additionally their topological properties are studied via the observation of bulk topological currents. The experimental techniques presented here offer a unique setting for studying topologically non-trivial systems with ultracold atoms. 

 Introduction -- Square Lattice with Magnetic field -- Artificial Gauge Fields with Laser-Assisted Tunneling -- Overview of the Experimental Setup and Measurement Techniques -- Staggered Magnetic Flux -- Harper-Hofstadter Model and Spin Hall Effect -- All-Optical Setup for Flux Rectification -- Chern-Number Measurement of Hofstadter Bands -- Conclusions and Outlook.