The Physics of Traffic Empirical Freeway Pattern Features, Engineering Applications, and Theory /

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Kerner, Boris S. (Συγγραφέας, http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut)
• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer, 2004.
• Έκδοση: 1st ed. 2004.
• Σειρά: Understanding Complex Systems,
• Θέματα: Statistical physics.; Dynamical systems.; Applied mathematics.; Engineering mathematics.; Thermodynamics.; Mathematical physics.; Vibration.; Dynamics.; Complex Systems.; Mathematical and Computational Engineering.; Applications of Mathematics.; Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics.; Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control.

 This book is devoted to the explanation of freeway traffic congestion, a fact of life for many car drivers. Results of empirical observations of freeway congestion, which exhibit diverse complex spatiotemporal patterns including moving traffic jams, are analyzed. Empirical features of these reproducible freeway traffic patterns only recently sufficiently well understood are reviewed. In the first part, three-phase traffic theory can be found, which is the basis for a physical theory of traffic phenomena and its applications in engineering. In the second part, the empirical spatiotemporal patterns are examined and, finally in parts III and IV, the mathematical model and the engineering applications are addressed. The Physics of Traffic addresses researchers and practitioners alike. 

 1 Introduction -- I Historical Overview and Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 2 Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in Freeway Traffic -- 3 Overview of Freeway Traffic Theories and Models: Fundamental Diagram Approach -- 4 Basis of Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 5 Breakdown Phenomenon (F?S Transition) in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 6 Moving Jam Emergence in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 7 Congested Patterns at Freeway Bottlenecks in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 8 Freeway Capacity in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- II Empirical Spatiotemporal Congested Traffic Patterns -- 9 Empirical Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottlenecks -- 10 Empirical Breakdown Phenomenon: Phase Transition from Free Flow to Synchronized Flow -- 11 Empirical Features of Wide Moving Jam Propagation -- 12 Empirical Features of Moving Jam Emergence -- 13 Empirical Pattern Evolution and Transformation at Isolated Bottlenecks -- 14 Empirical Complex Pattern Formation Caused by Peculiarities of Freeway Infrastructure -- 15 Dependence of Empirical Fundamental Diagram on Congested Pattern Features -- III Microscopic Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 16 Microscopic Traffic Flow Models for Spatiotemporal Congested Patterns -- 17 Microscopic Theory of Phase Transitions in Freeway Traffic -- 18 Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottlenecks -- 19 Complex Congested Pattern Interaction and Transformation -- 20 Spatiotemporal Patterns in Heterogeneous Traffic Flow -- IV Engineering Applications -- 21 ASDA and FOTO Models of Spatiotemporal Pattern Dynamics based on Local Traffic Flow Measurements -- 22 Spatiotemporal Pattern Recognition, Tracking, and Prediction -- 23 Control of Spatiotemporal Congested Patterns -- 24 Conclusion -- A Terms and Definitions -- A.1 Traffic States, Parameters, and Variables -- A.2 Traffic Phases -- A.3 Phase Transitions -- A.4 Bottleneck Characteristics -- A.5 Congested Patterns at Bottlenecks -- A.6 Local Perturbations -- A.7 Critical and Threshold Traffic Variables -- A.8 Some Features of Phase Transitions and Traffic State Stability -- B ASDA and FOTO Models for Practical Applications -- B.1 ASDA Model for Several Road Detectors -- B.1.1 Extensions of ASDA for On-Ramps, Off- Ramps, and Changing of Number of Freeway Lanes Upstream of Moving Jam -- B.1.2 Extensions of ASDA for On-Ramps, Off- Ramps, and Changing of Number of Freeway Lanes Downstream of Moving Jam -- B.1.3 FOTO Model for Several Road Detectors -- B.1.4 Extended Rules for FOTO Model -- B.2 Statistical Evaluation of Different Reduced Detector Configurations -- References.