Volcano Deformation Geodetic Monitoring Techniques /
Volcanic Deformation is the first book devoted to volcano geodesy, a specialisation of the still-young science of volcanology. It forms a part of the whole catalogue of methods used to monitor a restless or an erupting volcano, and demonstrates how risk from hazardous eruptions can be reduced. With...
| Κύριος συγγραφέας: | |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: | |
| Μορφή: | Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Έκδοση: |
Berlin, Heidelberg :
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,
2006.
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| Σειρά: | Springer Praxis Books
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| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | Full Text via HEAL-Link |
Πίνακας περιεχομένων:
- 1 The modern volcanologist’s tool kit
- 1.1 Volcanoes in motion — when deformation gets extreme
- 1.2 Volcanology in the information age
- 1.3 A brief survey of volcano-monitoring techniques
- 1.4 An introduction to geodetic sensors and techniques
- 2 Classical surveying techniques
- 2.1 Early geodetic surveys
- 2.2 Reference systems and datums
- 2.3 Geodetic networks
- 2.4 Trilateration and triangulation
- 2.5 Leveling and tilt-leveling surveys
- 2.6 Photogrammetry
- 2.7 Microgravity surveys
- 2.8 Magnetic field measurements
- 3 Continuous monitoring with in situ sensors
- 3.1 Seismometers
- 3.2 Tiltmeters
- 3.3 Strainmeters
- 3.4 Continuous GPS
- 3.5 Some cautions about near-surface deformation sensors
- 3.6 Continuous gravimeters
- 3.7 Differential lake gauging
- 3.8 Concluding remarks
- 4 The Global Positioning System: A multipurpose tool
- 4.1 Global positioning principles
- 4.2 An overview of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo
- 4.3 GPS signal structure: what do the satellites broadcast?
- 4.4 Observables: what do GPS receivers measure?
- 4.5 Data combinations and differences
- 4.6 Doing the math: turning data into positions
- 4.7 Relative positioning techniques
- 4.8 CGPS networks
- 4.9 Data processing
- 4.10 Looking to the future
- 5 Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR)
- 5.1 Radar principles and techniques
- 5.2 Principles of SAR interferometry
- 5.3 Examples of interferometric SAR applied to volcanoes
- 6 Photogrammetry
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Historical perspective
- 6.3 Photogrammetry fundamentals
- 6.4 Instrumentation and data types
- 6.5 Aerotriangulation
- 6.6 Terrestrial photogrammetry
- 6.7 Application to Mount St. Helens
- 7 Lessons from deforming volcanoes
- 7.1 Mount St. Helens — edifice instability and dome growth
- 7.2 K?lauea volcano, Hawai’i — flank instability and gigantic landslides
- 7.3 Yellowstone — the ups and downs of a restless caldera
- 7.4 Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo volcanic chain: two decades of unrest (and still counting?)
- 8 Analytical volcano deformation source models
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The elastic half-space: a first approximation of the Earth
- 8.3 Notation
- 8.4 Surface loads
- 8.5 Point forces, pipes, and spheroidal pressure sources
- 8.6 Dipping point and finite rectangular tension cracks
- 8.7 Gravity change
- 8.8 Relationship between subsurface and surface volume changes
- 8.9 Topographic corrections to modeled deformation
- 8.10 Inversion of source parameters from deformation data
- 9 Borehole observations of continuous strain and fluid pressure
- 9.1 Borehole strainmeter design and capabilities
- 9.2 Groundwater level as a volumetric strain indicator
- 9.3 Processing and analyzing continuous strain and water level data
- 9.4 Volumetric strain fields of idealized volcanic sources
- 9.5 Examples
- 9.6 Summary
- 10 Hydrothermal systems and volcano geochemistry
- 10.1 The hydrologic importance of brittle-plastic phenomena
- 10.2 The brittle-plastic transition
- 10.3 Development of plastic rock around shallow intrusive bodies
- 10.4 Storage of hydrothermal fluid in and movement through plastic rock
- 10.5 Self-sealing at the brittle-plastic interface
- 10.6 Mechanisms for breaching the self-sealed zone and discharge of >400°C fluid into cooler rock
- 10.7 Chemical characteristics of fluids in a sub-volcanic environment
- 10.8 A general model of hydrothermal activity in a sub-volcanic environment
- 10.9 Uplift and subsidence of large silicic calderas
- 10.10 Conclusions
- 11 Challenges and opportunities for the 21st century
- 11.1 The intrusion process: a complicated business
- 11.2 Strengths and weaknesses of geodetic monitoring
- 11.3 Why is volcano deformation such an elusive target?
- 11.4 Capturing volcano deformation in space and time
- 11.5 Pie-in-the-sky volcanology
- 11.6 A bright and challenging future
- References
- DVD with figures and supplementary material.
