Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks /

• Συγγραφή απο Οργανισμό/Αρχή: SpringerLink (Online service)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Kümmerer, Klaus (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλεκτρονική πηγή Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.
• Θέματα: Environment.; Pharmacology.; Analytical chemistry.; Microbiology.; Environmental management.; Ecotoxicology.; Water pollution.; Pharmacology/Toxicology.; Analytical Chemistry.; Environmental Management.; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution.

When the first green wave appeared in the mid and late 1960s, it was considered a f- sible task to solve pollution problems. The visible problems were mostly limited to point sources, and a comprehensive “end of the pipe technology” (= environmental technology) was available. It was even seriously d...

Πίνακας περιεχομένων:

• General Aspects
• Pharmaceuticals in the Environment – A Brief Summary
• Special Characteristics of Pharmaceuticals Related to Environmental Fate
• Sources, Occurrence and Fate
• Drug Production Facilities – An Overlooked Discharge Source for Pharmaceuticals to the Environment
• Substance Flows Associated with Medical Care – Significance of Different Sources
• Pharmaceutical Residues in Northern European Environments: Consequences and Perspectives
• Antibiotics in the Environment
• Veterinary Antibiotics in Dust: Sources, Environmental Concentrations, and Possible Health Hazards
• Fate of Veterinary Medicines Applied to Soils
• Pharmaceuticals as Environmental Contaminants: Modeling Distribution and Fate
• Environmental Exposure Modeling: Application of PhATE™ and Great-ER to Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
• Exposure Assessment Methods for Veterinary and Human-Use Medicines in the Environment: PEC vs. MEC Comparisons
• Effects
• Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Organisms
• Another Example of Effects of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Invertebrates: Fluoxetine and Ciprofloxacin
• Effects of Antibiotics and Virustatics in the Environment
• Realizing the Potential Benefits of Small Animal Models for the Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals: A Conceptual Approach
• On the Ecotoxicology of Pharmaceutical Mixtures
• Chronic Mixture Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals to Daphnia – The Example of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
• The Ecotoxicological Effects of Pharmaceuticals (Antibiotics and Antiparasiticides) in the Terrestrial Environment – a Review
• Odorants – Potent Substances at Minor Concentrations: The Ecological Role of Infochemicals
• Risk Assessment
• European Developments in the Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals
• The State and the Future Development/Perspective of Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use: Aspects of Its Regulations in Japan
• Deterministic and Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment for Diazepam
• Comparison of Prospective and Retrospective Environmental Risk Assessments of Human Pharmaceuticals
• Methodological Aspects Concerning the Environmental Risk Assessment for Medicinal Products; Research Challenges
• Risk Management
• Strategies for Reducing the Input of Pharmaceuticals into the Environment
• Cost Action 636 Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle – A Network for Collaboration within Europe
• Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues from Contaminated Raw Water Sources by Membrane Filtration
• Photooxidation as Advanced Oxidation Treatment of Hospital Effluents
• Pharmaceuticals and Environment: Role of Community Pharmacies
• Mitigation of the Pharmaceutical Outlet into the Environment – Experiences from Sweden
• Pharmaceutical Waste.