| Περίληψη: | In this chapter we discuss the formation and development of the education system of women in the Greek state and in the Orthodox/Greek communities in the Ottoman territories during the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th. The chapter consists of four thematic sections. In the first we present, in brief, the gendered education theory in regard to the necessity of a different education provision for the two genders and describe girls’ education, as it was shaped in three first decades of the 19th century. In the second section, after outlining the characteristics of the political framework in the Ottoman space, we record the constitution of the education system and the expansion of the school network from the 1840s up to 1922; we provide the basic characteristics pertaining to the structure and content of primary and secondary education and professional training, the social and class characteristics of the education system; and we put forth the basic characteristics of the gendered social function of education in the Ottoman space. The third section of the chapter details the formation of the education system of women in the Greek state: the institutionalization of primary education, the first attempts towards secondary education and professional training, the role of the Filekpaideutiki Etaireia (Society of the Friends of Education) in the education of women teachers, increasing state intervention and the aims of girls’ education during the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century. The fourth section of the chapter takes a comparative approach to the data of the two areas, the Greek state and Hellenism outside Greece, highlighting similarities and differences, synchronies and asynchronies in the course of development of girls’ education in the two areas.
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