| Περίληψη: | The reason for the presence of the atmosphere is the earth’s gravitational field. In this chapter, the atmospheric motions are ignored and the atmosphere is assumed to be in static equilibrium, which means that the force of gravity is balanced by the vertical pressure gradient force. First, the hydrostatic equation of the atmosphere is derived and then applied to investigate the variations with altitude of various atmospheric parameters, e.g., pressure, density, number density. Also studied here is the gravitational separation of heavy from light air constituents and the role of molecular diffusion.
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