| Περίληψη: | Geothermal open circuit or open loop systems use surface water or groundwater (from the lake, well, river, drilling or the sea), as a source of heat - cooling and waste disposal sites/return water. These systems are appropriate in areas with shallow depth of aquifer. This chapter is an extensive report on hydrogeology elements and factors affecting the hydrogeological behavior, since it is a critical parameter for the design and operation of these systems. Because the exploitation of the underground water heat requires the construction of boreholes and the calculation of the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer, pumping test may be performed in order to estimate the hydraulic characteristics. That is a brief description of the technology of pumping tests and related calculations is provided.<br/>Then, the design methodology is presented for such systems with reference to critical issues such as the determination of the optimum water supply, treatment of the water and the choice of location of the borehole. Alternative types of open geothermal systems are presented and information is provided related to their construction.
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