BCI P300-based speller for control and surveilance

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Μαρκόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Markopoulos, Konstantinos
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: 2020
• Θέματα: Brain computer interfaces; Machine learning; Διεπαφή εγκεφάλου-υπολογιστή; Μηχανική μάθηση

In recent years, the development of low-cost, non-invasive and portable electrophysiological systems that record and process brain signals has increased. As a result, Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems are becoming more accessible to the academic community and the general public, serving different applications and needs, unlike previous years that these systems were much more expensive, more complex in their use, and their application was exclusively in health applications. In this diploma thesis, the goal is to create a BCI system by which a user can control applications and devices through the signals collected from the brain and interact with its environment. At the beginning, the wider field is presented, describing the brain structure, ways of recording information from the brain, BCI categories and the reasons they succeed. Then, the general architectural model of BCI systems is presented. There is information on all the steps that need to be followed in order to create a BCI system as well as many bibliographic references widely used for various kinds of approaches. More specifically, ways of recording the data from the brain according to the targeting of each experiment are being presented, and ways of processing the received signals in order to get rid of noise and strengthen their informational content are being analyzed. There is, also, a bibliographic presentation of methods, that are being presented, by which the features are extracted from the processed signals, aiming at reducing their dimensions and increasing their informational content. Then all this processed data passes through algorithms and machine learning techniques, to produce the final model. In this thesis, a BCI P300-based Speller system is proposed. Emotiv EPOC was the EEG headset used for the experiments. This study aims to describe the design of a real-time EEG-based communication aid system, using brain-computer interface technologies. In more detail, the proposed system consists of a 6x6 matrix display, containing letters and numbers for the spelling procedure. After the spelling is done, the command is driven to a Raspberry PI which connects to all the devices and carries a camera with 2 degrees of freedom combined with computer vision algorithms for the processing. For the speller, an xDAWN spatial filtering is introduced and different classification methods are compared, in order to produce the most accurate and fast system.