Thermodynamics of baryogenesis using the rotating lepton model

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Συμινής, Νικόλαος
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Syminis, Nick
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: 2021
• Θέματα: Baryogenesis; Rotating lepton model; Termodynamics; Βαρυογέννεση; Μοντέλο περιστρεφόμενων λεπτονίων; Θερμοδυναμική

The purpose of this work is to study the process of baryogenesis under the scope of the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM). RLM is Bohr-type model in which leptons are trapped in a rotational bound state under their own gravitational attraction. First, we will see how baryons and the process of baryogenesis are viewed according to the standard model of particle physics. The standard model is right now the generally accepted model that describes the behavior of particles in the microscopic scale. It describes how particles interact, how they are formed and what they are made of [13]. Then we will take the 2 simplest baryons, the proton and the neutron and discuss how they are described according to the RLM. As mentioned before according to RLM baryons are comprised from 3 leptons trapped in a rotational bound state, and in the case of baryons we have 3 neutrinos in the circular orbit [12], [7]. Furthermore, in the center of the bound state we can also have trapped particles which in the case of the proton is a positron while in the case of the neutron can be a neutrino [6]. After that we will take the simplest of the two, that being the neutron, and starting from the forces describing the bound state we will derive the basic thermodynamic properties for the formation of the bound state as seen in [12]. According to the RLM the process of baryogenesis can be viewed as reaction of 3 (neutrinos) to form a neutron. Based on that the properties that interest us are the bound energy, the Gibbs free energy, the enthalpy change, the entropy change and the transition temperature of the reaction. The transition temperature is the temperature where the change in the Gibbs free energy for the formation of the particle is 0. Then we will describe the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction and produce the equilibrium diagram in which the conversion of the neutrinos when the reaction reaches equilibrium is plotted against temperature. This will give us an insight about the nature of that reaction and especially about the temperatures at which we expect that reaction to take place. Next, we will look at the kinetics of this reaction and we will try to find an expression for the rate of that reaction. Here we will also show the very important role of electrons and or positrons as a catalyst for this reaction. Last, we will implement the thermodynamics and the kinetics to model how the system behaves in a hypothetical adiabatic batch reactor where we will calculate the conversion of the neutrinos, the temperature change, and the time it takes for the reaction to happen. This will give us a clearer perspective about the reaction as a hole and under which conditions, we can expect it to occur. During the thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, it will become clear that many similarities can be drawn between the baryogenesis process and regular chemical reactions. Thus, to expand upon those similarities we will compare the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the hadronization reaction with one of the most important and known chemical reaction. This is the synthesis of Ammonia from Hydrogen and Nitrogen.