Investigation of scintillators with two K-absorption edges using Monte Carlo techniques

• Κύριος συγγραφέας: Κωνσταντινίδης, Αναστάσιος
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Παναγιωτάκης, Γεώργιος
• Μορφή: Thesis
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: 2007
• Θέματα: Scintillators; Monte Carlo; Medical imaging detectors; K-characteristic radiation; Σπινθηριστές; Μόντε Κάρλο; Ανιχνευτές ιατρικής απεικόνισης; Κ-χαρακτηριστική ακτινοβολία; 539.722 2

The performance of phosphor screens (or scintillators) used in medical imaging systems are strongly affected by the intrinsic phosphor properties. The present study investigates scintillator radiation detection efficiency and how the produced K-characteristic radiation affects scintillator performance. K-characteristic radiation may either be reabsorbed or it may escape the scintillator. In both cases the imaging performance of the scintillator may be affected resulting either in spatial resolution degradation or in counting efficiency decrease. Scintillator employed in medical imaging detectors may have either one heavy element (e.g. Lu in LSO) or two heavy elements (e.g. Lu and Y in LYSO). In the latter case, further image degradation may result, since K x-rays of the high-Z element can produce additional K-characteristic radiation to the low-Z element. In the present study two scintillators with one heavy element (LSO, YSO) and three with two heavy elements (LYSO, CsI and YTaO4) were investigated. The study was carried out by the extension of a previously developed custom and validated Monte Carlo simulation program. When possible, Monte Carlo results were compared to analytical models. The study was made under conditions used in general x-ray radiography, x-ray mammography, CT and nuclear medicine -ray imaging ( -camera and SPECT). Therefore, a monoenergetic x-ray beam was assumed, varying in the range from 20 up to 160 keV. The respective scintillator thickness was considered to vary from 20 up to 100 mg/cm2. Results showed that K characteristic effect of additional K x-ray photons is negligible on thin phosphor screens, while it is considerably higher in thicker scintillators. In addition, it was found that YSO scintillator is suitable for use in x-ray mammography. On the other hand, LSO, LYSO, CsI and YTaO4 scintillators were found suitable for higher energy imaging applications.