| Περίληψη: | The electronics industry has developed incredibly in last few years and the need for low voltage and low power consuming devices is reflected with its growth. A small extension in battery life can be reflected in an order of magnitude in terms of retail prices. From multimedia gadgets (like laptops, mobiles, notebook etc.) to the biomedical device, all applications have seen a rapid advancement. All these devices need a low voltage and low power transceiver to connect with the wireless networks. This PhD thesis is focused on the development of new designing techniques for low voltage, low power integrated circuits, having close attention on circuits suitable for analog devices.
The vast majority of high performance analog circuit cells realized in metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies traditionally exploits transistors operating in saturation. Meanwhile there exists a region of weak inversion, which was left unexploited until recently, where the behavior of a MOS transistor is similar to a bipolar transistor in qualitative terms. This region could be exploited for the devices which require operating with low voltage supply. Instead of operating in saturation region, the MOS devices employed in this design, operate in weak inversion. The MOS devices in the proposed circuits are bulk-controlled. In the conventional mode of biasing the bulk terminal is left unused and is connected with lowest supply voltage or ground while the gate is usually chosen for the input signal introduction to bias the circuit. The bulk can be used as an input for signal, can lower the threshold of a transistor if biased properly, ultimately lowering the supply voltage requirement of the transistor. In this work a modified Nauta’s Transconductor, which operates on very low voltages and have a tunable transconductance is employed to design filters. The filter constructed can be tuned in the range of few MHz. The proposed filter is operated using a 0.5V supply and its cutoff frequency can be easily adjusted. All circuits are designed and analyzed using a triple well 0.13μm CMOS process.
This OTA is further modified to achieve better performance, in order to implement it in a complex filter. In low IF devices the down-conversion of image signal along with the wanted signal at the same frequency is a major problem. Complex filter can easily remove this image signal by applying a frequency shifting operation. A sixth order complex filter by implementing Leapfrog technique is designed using the differential OTA. The filter is designed to meet the Bluetooth and Zigbee standard requirements. The filter operates on a 0.5V supply voltage, and has very good results for Image rejection, sensitivity, noise and the filter is orthogonally tunable. The performance of the filter has been evaluated through simulation results by employing a triple well 0.13μm CMOS process. This filter design can be implemented in the Bluetooth devices used for the biomedical applications.
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