| Περίληψη: | Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration–rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 oC. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. CURC stabilization is similar, when encapsulated as free compound or CD-complex. However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization.
After identifying that CURC formulations are active against B16 melanoma cells (in vitro), the optimal concentrations of CURC and doxorubicin (DOX) combinations (which provided highest anticancer activity [in vitro]) were identified. In a second step, combination hybrid-liposomal formulations of CURC and DOX were prepared, as a technique to deliver the specific combination of the two drugs to cancer cells following in vivo administration (since the two drugs have different pharmacokinetics and would not reach cancer cells at the same ratio if administered as free drugs). Additionally the effect of ceramide incorporation in the liposomal membrane on the anticancer activity of the later combination-formulations was investigated. The liposomal CURC-DOX combination formulations demonstrated significantly enhanced anticancer activity, compared to liposomes with DOX only. As confirmed by FACS analysis and uptake studies, this enhanced effect was due to increased uptake of DOX by the cells, in the presence of CURC (which was not seen when free compounds were used). Although a positive effect of ceramide addition in liposomal-DOX anticancer activity was demonstrated, in agreement with previous studies, ceramide addition did not result in further increase of the anticancer activity of the CURC-DOX combination formulations, when tested by MTT assay. However, mechanistic studies revealed that the CURC-DOX formulations resulted in higher percentage of early apoptotic cells, compared to the ceramide-DOX formulations which resulted mainly in late-apoptotic cells. When all CURC-DOX and Ceramide were combined in the same formulation, the percentages of early and late apoptotic cells were additive.
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