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oapen-20.500.12657-440062021-01-25T13:50:55Z Processing of Heavy Crude Oils Gounder, Ramasamy Marappa Technology & Engineering Petroleum bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THF Fossil fuel technologies::THFP Petroleum technology Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil. 2020-12-15T14:16:10Z 2020-12-15T14:16:10Z 2019 book 9781839684111 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/44006 eng application/pdf n/a external_content.pdf InTechOpen IntechOpen https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74912 104995 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74912 09f6769d-48ed-467d-b150-4cf2680656a1 b818ba9d-2dd9-4fd7-a364-7f305aef7ee9 9781839684111 Knowledge Unlatched (KU) IntechOpen Knowledge Unlatched open access
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Unconventional heavy crude oils are replacing the conventional light crude oils slowly but steadily as a major energy source. Heavy crude oils are cheaper and present an opportunity to the refiners to process them with higher profit margins. However, the unfavourable characteristics of heavy crude oils such as high viscosity, low API gravity, low H/C ratio, chemical complexity with high asphaltenes content, high acidity, high sulfur and increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities impede extraction, pumping, transportation and processing. Very poor mobility of the heavy oils, due to very high viscosities, significantly affects production and transportation. Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book. The heavier and complex molecules of asphaltenes with low H/C ratios present many technological challenges during the refining of the crude oil.
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