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oapen-20.500.12657-456492020-12-17T01:58:11Z Equality, Freedom, and Democracy MORLINO, LEONARDO democracy equality freedom great recession inter-institutional accountability rule of law responsiveness bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy bic Book Industry Communication::1 Geographical Qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings, oceans & seas::1QF Political, socio-economic & strategic groupings::1QFE EU (European Union) A democratic regime is assumed to implement freedom and equality as the two critical and most important values. The question we intend to address here is: how and why has the actual implementation of freedom and equality been changing in the 1990–2020 period? Researching this topic, we cannot ignore the impact of the Great Recession since 2008. Thus, in this comparative research, we analyse France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom to detect the changes. As expected, the six largest European democracies have been differently affected by the crisis, as they also had different background factors. We address an additional question: what is the impact of the European Union on the two democratic values? Accordingly, we analyse economic inequality, social inequality, and ethnic inequality with the related changing trends and explanations. We also detect and analyse the trend of freedoms, and especially personal dignity, civil rights, and political rights. Thus, the relative decline of equalities and freedoms in the six countries emerge in the different complex facets. We also explore the demand for equalities and freedoms by citizens and the political commitments of party leaders. The other issues we address include how and why, respectively, equalities and freedoms are affected by domestic aspects and the role of external factors, especially the European Union. By connecting equalities and freedoms and drawing the lines of entire research, we show how there are three different paths in the future of democracy: balanced democracy, protest democracy, and unaccountable democracy. 2020-12-16T09:05:24Z 2020-12-16T09:05:24Z 2020 book https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/45649 eng application/pdf Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 9780198813873.pdf https://global.oup.com/academic/product/equality-freedom-and-democracy-9780198813873 Oxford University Press 10.1093/oso/9780198813873.001.0001 10.1093/oso/9780198813873.001.0001 b9501915-cdee-4f2a-8030-9c0b187854b2 320 Oxford open access
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A democratic regime is assumed to implement freedom and equality as the two critical and most important values. The question we intend to address here is: how and why has the actual implementation of freedom and equality been changing in the 1990–2020 period? Researching this topic, we cannot ignore the impact of the Great Recession since 2008. Thus, in this comparative research, we analyse France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the United Kingdom to detect the changes. As expected, the six largest European democracies have been differently affected by the crisis, as they also had different background factors. We address an additional question: what is the impact of the European Union on the two democratic values? Accordingly, we analyse economic inequality, social inequality, and ethnic inequality with the related changing trends and explanations. We also detect and analyse the trend of freedoms, and especially personal dignity, civil rights, and political rights. Thus, the relative decline of equalities and freedoms in the six countries emerge in the different complex facets. We also explore the demand for equalities and freedoms by citizens and the political commitments of party leaders. The other issues we address include how and why, respectively, equalities and freedoms are affected by domestic aspects and the role of external factors, especially the European Union. By connecting equalities and freedoms and drawing the lines of entire research, we show how there are three different paths in the future of democracy: balanced democracy, protest democracy, and unaccountable democracy.
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