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oapen-20.500.12657-493282021-11-23T14:00:11Z Chapter Solid Biomass from Forest Trees to Energy: A Review Cristina Gonçalves, Ana Malico, Isabel M. O. Sousa, Adélia silviculture, estimation, remote sensing, conversion technologies, heat, power bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general Among the different terrestrial ecosystems, forests are the most important biomass carbon producers and the ones that store the most standing biomass carbon. Consequently, they are also the major source of biomass for energy. Forest biomass has been used as a fuel from early times, and from the late twentieth century onward, there has been a renewed interest in its use to produce heat and electricity. The interest in forest biomass as an energy source relates to some of its features, such as relative abundance and uniformity worldwide and neutrality of CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, its use is not free of risks, mostly related with the sustainability of the forest systems and their productions. This study reviews the state of the art of the forest sources of biomass for energy, their assessment, their properties as a fuel, as well as the conversion technologies used in the most common energy applications. 2021-06-02T10:12:16Z 2021-06-02T10:12:16Z 2019 chapter ONIX_20210602_10.5772/intechopen.79303_442 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/49328 eng application/pdf n/a 62537.pdf InTechOpen 10.5772/intechopen.79303 10.5772/intechopen.79303 09f6769d-48ed-467d-b150-4cf2680656a1 H2020-EE-2015-3-MarketUptake 696140 open access
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Among the different terrestrial ecosystems, forests are the most important biomass carbon producers and the ones that store the most standing biomass carbon. Consequently, they are also the major source of biomass for energy. Forest biomass has been used as a fuel from early times, and from the late twentieth century onward, there has been a renewed interest in its use to produce heat and electricity. The interest in forest biomass as an energy source relates to some of its features, such as relative abundance and uniformity worldwide and neutrality of CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, its use is not free of risks, mostly related with the sustainability of the forest systems and their productions. This study reviews the state of the art of the forest sources of biomass for energy, their assessment, their properties as a fuel, as well as the conversion technologies used in the most common energy applications.
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