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oapen-20.500.12657-543512022-05-12T08:12:06Z Kashmir in India and Pakistan Policies Balcerowicz, Piotr Kuszewska, Agnieszka human rights, India, Pakistan, Kashmir, Law, geopolitical tensions, Kashmir relations, Kashmir conflict bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTB Regional studies "The presupposition that Muslim-majority regions of India had to be incorporated into the newly established Muslim state in 1947, constituted key point Pakistan’s international narrative, and incessantly cast a shadow on its official discourse. The two-nation theory, used by the proponents of Pakistan’s inception as a nation building political concept, artificially projected the Indian Muslims as a monolithic group, irrespective of their origin, social belonging, historical heritage, etc. This ideologically rooted discourse heralded future tensions within Pakistan and provided framework for Pakistan’s persistent pretension of acting as defender of Kashmiri Muslims rights. Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir, is unalterably based on key twelve components, which exemplify the India-centric components of its geostrategic objectives. In the aftermath of Bangladesh inception, Pakistani policymakers reinforced their determination to maintain and justify the ideological relevance of the two-nation theory and to combine it with security-dilemma vis-à-vis India. The chapter investigates the campaigns of authoritarianism and Islamization, fundamentally transforming Pakistan, which were introduced primarily by General Zia ul-Haq’s military regime, their impact on Pakistan’s socio-political transformations and its stance on Kashmir." 2022-05-12T08:06:22Z 2022-05-12T08:06:22Z 2022 book 9781138480124 9781032164434 9781351063746 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/54351 eng Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics Taylor & Francis Routledge 10.4324/9781351063746 10.4324/9781351063746 7b3c7b10-5b1e-40b3-860e-c6dd5197f0bb 49730ec4-47e2-402a-bfba-ed9f71b7e2bd 9781138480124 9781032164434 9781351063746 Routledge 310 open access
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"The presupposition that Muslim-majority regions of India had to be incorporated into the newly established Muslim state in 1947, constituted key point Pakistan’s international narrative, and incessantly cast a shadow on its official discourse. The two-nation theory, used by the proponents of Pakistan’s inception as a nation building political concept, artificially projected the Indian Muslims as a monolithic group, irrespective of their origin, social belonging, historical heritage, etc. This ideologically rooted discourse heralded future tensions within Pakistan and provided framework for Pakistan’s persistent pretension of acting as defender of Kashmiri Muslims rights. Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir, is unalterably based on key twelve components, which exemplify the India-centric components of its geostrategic objectives.
In the aftermath of Bangladesh inception, Pakistani policymakers reinforced their determination to maintain and justify the ideological relevance of the two-nation theory and to combine it with security-dilemma vis-à-vis India. The chapter investigates the campaigns of authoritarianism and Islamization, fundamentally transforming Pakistan, which were introduced primarily by General Zia ul-Haq’s military regime, their impact on Pakistan’s socio-political transformations and its stance on Kashmir."
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