| spelling |
oapen-20.500.12657-638752023-07-13T02:46:13Z Chapter 13 Sand fly sex/aggregation pheromones Hamilton, J.G.C. phlebotomines, leishmaniasis, vector control, Leishmania infantum, (S)-9-methylgermacrene- B, 3-methyl-α-himachalene, sobralene, sand fly, pheromones bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences::PSVS Animal ecology Sand flies are an ancient group of Diptera estimated to contain 1000 species. Approximately 70 of these transmit pathogens (viruses, bacteria and protists), which cause human and animal diseases. The most important are the Leishmania parasites, transmitted to humans and animals, during blood feeding by female sand flies, and which cause diseases that can be fatal or disfiguring. Sand flies are known to use volatile chemicals produced by plants to locate sugar meals, host odours to locate a blood meal, and chemicals from decaying vegetation and other sources to identify oviposition sites. In a limited number of cases, male sand flies also produce volatile chemicals (sex/aggregation pheromones) that are attractive to females and other males. The presence of sex/aggregation pheromones is well documented in Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato, the South American vector of Leishmania infantum, in which they were first identified 40 years ago. During this time, a range of behavioural and chemical methodologies have been applied to their study in the laboratory and the field. The presence of sex/aggregation pheromones has also been suggested in a small number of other New and Old-World vectors, but the evidence is incomplete, as it is either solely chemical, i.e. without supporting behavioural evidence or behavioural evidence is available, but there is no supporting chemical evidence. Within the Lu. longipalpis s.l. species complex, the sex/aggregation pheromones provide a taxonomic guide to the members of the complex. There are four different known chemical types (five members of the complex), and one of these, the most geographically widespread, has been synthesised in bulk quantity. The synthetic pheromone, co-located with insecticide, has been shown to significantly reduce numbers of sand flies, and leishmania infection in dogs, the reservoir of human infection, and could significantly impact the number of human cases. 2023-07-12T12:11:23Z 2023-07-12T12:11:23Z 2022 chapter 9789086863808 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/63875 eng application/pdf Attribution 4.0 International Bookshelf_NBK592516.pdf Wageningen Academic Publishers Sensory Ecology of Disease Vectors 10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_13 10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_13 4bf20bcf-e428-432f-9b33-947a06e551fd 1d00e2ae-c1a6-43ae-93a8-ef801f5d3f9a d859fbd3-d884-4090-a0ec-baf821c9abfd 9789086863808 Wellcome 23 Wageningen Wellcome Trust Wellcome open access
|
| description |
Sand flies are an ancient group of Diptera estimated to contain 1000 species. Approximately 70 of
these transmit pathogens (viruses, bacteria and protists), which cause human and animal diseases.
The most important are the Leishmania parasites, transmitted to humans and animals, during
blood feeding by female sand flies, and which cause diseases that can be fatal or disfiguring. Sand
flies are known to use volatile chemicals produced by plants to locate sugar meals, host odours
to locate a blood meal, and chemicals from decaying vegetation and other sources to identify
oviposition sites. In a limited number of cases, male sand flies also produce volatile chemicals
(sex/aggregation pheromones) that are attractive to females and other males. The presence of
sex/aggregation pheromones is well documented in Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato, the South
American vector of Leishmania infantum, in which they were first identified 40 years ago. During
this time, a range of behavioural and chemical methodologies have been applied to their study in
the laboratory and the field. The presence of sex/aggregation pheromones has also been suggested
in a small number of other New and Old-World vectors, but the evidence is incomplete, as it
is either solely chemical, i.e. without supporting behavioural evidence or behavioural evidence
is available, but there is no supporting chemical evidence. Within the Lu. longipalpis s.l. species
complex, the sex/aggregation pheromones provide a taxonomic guide to the members of the
complex. There are four different known chemical types (five members of the complex), and one
of these, the most geographically widespread, has been synthesised in bulk quantity. The synthetic
pheromone, co-located with insecticide, has been shown to significantly reduce numbers of sand
flies, and leishmania infection in dogs, the reservoir of human infection, and could significantly
impact the number of human cases.
|
