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oapen-20.500.12657-755222023-12-07T11:08:08Z Chapter 15 Intoxicants in Warfare Kamieński, Łukasz Opioid Agonist Therapy,LGBTQ User,Young Men,ISIS Fighter,Post War,American Psychiatric Association,UK Prison,Syringe Sharing,Great Famine,Tough Training,LSD,Amanita Muscaria,Green Tea Powder,Army Chemical Corps,Healthy Office Workers,Chewing Coca Leaves,Agent Buzz,Psychoactive Agents,Ibotenic Acid,Siberian Tribes,Vice Versa bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general Since ancient times psychopharmacology has fuelled armed conflicts and sustained fighting men. The presence of psychoactive substances in warfare has taken on two general forms: (1) combatants have consumed various intoxicants recreationally, and (2) drugs have been “prescribed” by military authorities as force multipliers for the improvement of combat performance. The chapter offers a general overview of these two modes of “war by intoxicants” yet with the main focus on the latter. It discusses the particular purposes of the military use of drugs, namely to: inspire courage and provide relief from the stress of battle; overcome fatigue and enhance performance; lessen the effects of war on the psyche; maintain morale and cohesion; and kill the boredom and monotony of military life. Aiming to draw a broader picture of battlefield drugs, it also explores another military role for them: as offensive psychochemical non-lethal weapons. Disorientation, indecisiveness, hallucinations, seizures and other similar intoxication-induced effects offer potential military capacity. Thus the efforts to weaponize toxic plants and psychoactive agents (such as atropine, opium, cannabis, or LSD) attempted to confuse, disrupt, or immobilize an enemy, or subvert and overpower their surrounding populations. 2023-08-15T07:45:56Z 2023-08-15T07:45:56Z 2023 chapter 9780367178703 9781032321486 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/75522 eng application/pdf Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 9780429058141_10.4324_9780429058141-19.pdf Taylor & Francis Routledge Handbook of Intoxicants and Intoxication Routledge 10.4324/9780429058141-19 10.4324/9780429058141-19 7b3c7b10-5b1e-40b3-860e-c6dd5197f0bb b4413dee-bf65-4788-a9f5-9b3d87b31b10 655a952b-27a1-47c0-8a94-5116e0f6b2bd 9780367178703 9781032321486 Routledge 20 Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie Jagiellonian University in Krakow open access
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Since ancient times psychopharmacology has fuelled armed conflicts and sustained fighting men. The presence of psychoactive substances in warfare has taken on two general forms: (1) combatants have consumed various intoxicants recreationally, and (2) drugs have been “prescribed” by military authorities as force multipliers for the improvement of combat performance. The chapter offers a general overview of these two modes of “war by intoxicants” yet with the main focus on the latter. It discusses the particular purposes of the military use of drugs, namely to: inspire courage and provide relief from the stress of battle; overcome fatigue and enhance performance; lessen the effects of war on the psyche; maintain morale and cohesion; and kill the boredom and monotony of military life. Aiming to draw a broader picture of battlefield drugs, it also explores another military role for them: as offensive psychochemical non-lethal weapons. Disorientation, indecisiveness, hallucinations, seizures and other similar intoxication-induced effects offer potential military capacity. Thus the efforts to weaponize toxic plants and psychoactive agents (such as atropine, opium, cannabis, or LSD) attempted to confuse, disrupt, or immobilize an enemy, or subvert and overpower their surrounding populations.
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