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oapen-20.500.12657-770242023-11-15T09:17:26Z Chapter 11 Ancient Infrastructure Offers Sustainable Agricultural Solutions to Dryland Farming Pailes, Matthew C. Norman, Laura M. Baisan, Christopher H. Meko, David M. Gauthier, Nicolas Villanueva- Diaz, Jose Dean, Jeff Martínez, Jupiter Kessler, Nicholas V. Towner, Ron canals, linear rock alignments, trincheras, check dams, stock ponds, earthworks, rock detention structures, natural infrastructure, dryland farming bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences In arid and semiarid landscapes, water is the primary limiting resource for human activity and ecosystem functioning. More than 40% of the world’s population lives in dryland environments (White and Nackoney, 2003). In these landscapes annual rainfall can vary greatly and be highly unpredictable both in space and time. Longer intervals between precipitation events are also highly erratic and global atmosphere-ocean teleconnections—such as unusually cool Pacific Sea surface temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño -Southern Oscillation can trigger multi-decadal “megadroughts” (McCabe et al., 2004; Cook et al., 2016; Routson et al., 2016; Steiger et al., 2019). Soil moisture and local ecohydrology constrain the extent and intensity of food production possible through agriculture. Complex combinations of social and physical infrastructure have sustained population growth and managed hydroclimate risks in the past. Indigenous soil and water conservation has been tested over millennia to support agriculture (Johnson et al. 2021). 2023-10-25T12:24:17Z 2023-10-25T12:24:17Z 2024 chapter 9781032286747 9781032286754 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/77024 eng application/pdf Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 9781003297932_10.1201_b22954-11.pdf Taylor & Francis Soil and Drought CRC Press 10.1201/b22954-11 1 10.1201/b22954-11 1 7b3c7b10-5b1e-40b3-860e-c6dd5197f0bb 146896f2-0aae-4afd-b2cd-a31111a5199d b88db407-32a3-444f-a309-dcd11cc83275 9781032286747 9781032286754 CRC Press 24 U.S. Geological Survey United States Geological Survey open access
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In arid and semiarid landscapes, water is the primary limiting resource for human activity and ecosystem functioning. More than 40% of the world’s population lives in dryland environments (White and Nackoney, 2003). In these landscapes annual rainfall can vary greatly and be highly unpredictable both in space and time. Longer intervals between precipitation events are also highly erratic and global atmosphere-ocean teleconnections—such as unusually cool Pacific Sea surface temperatures during the La Niña phase of the El Niño -Southern Oscillation can trigger multi-decadal “megadroughts” (McCabe et al., 2004; Cook et al., 2016; Routson et al., 2016; Steiger et al., 2019). Soil moisture and local ecohydrology constrain the extent and intensity of food production possible through agriculture. Complex combinations of social and physical infrastructure have sustained population growth and managed hydroclimate risks in the past. Indigenous soil and water conservation has been tested over millennia to support agriculture (Johnson et al. 2021).
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