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oapen-20.500.12657-882032024-04-12T00:00:00Z Chapter Luchtalarm! Gas! Breukers, Jos gas mask, people’s mask, air attack, air raid precautions services, poison gas, mustard gas thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDN Netherlands thema EDItEUR::2 Language qualifiers::2A Indo-European languages::2AC Germanic and Scandinavian languages::2ACD Dutch thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues Since poison gas was used during World War I, long-range bombers had been introduced and tensions were rising in Europe, the Air Raid Precautions Act was passed in the Netherlands in 1936. The legislation emphasised individual responsibility for self-protection. This meant that citizens had to buy a gas mask themselves. The Gas Mask Decree (1937) required all gas mask models for Civil Defence units and civilians to be approved by the Dutch State Arsenal. Facepieces and filter canisters had to be marked with the State Acceptance Number and year(s) of approval and production. This paper identifies and describes the gas masks used by police, fire brigades, Civil Defence units and individual citizens, 1931-1940. Three models are heavy, regular Army box respirators, whose filter containers are worn in a haversack on the chest. All the other models are lighter civilian gas masks, with an easily replaceable screw-on filter canister attached to the facepiece. The gas masks were carried in a basic satchel or cylindrical metal case. Two Dutch-made gas masks have a peculiar design: the Veritex gas mask’s facepiece has a swimcap type hood; the Hevea-Electro Model 128 gas mask’s facepiece has no outlet valve. Air is inhaled and exhaled through the filter canister. 2024-03-06T14:05:50Z 2024-03-06T14:05:50Z 2024 chapter ONIX_20240306_9789048563739_6 9789048563739 9789048563746 https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/88203 dut application/pdf Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf Amsterdam University Press Veilig = Safe 10.5117/9789048563739_breukers Since poison gas was used during World War I, long-range bombers had been introduced and tensions were rising in Europe, the Air Raid Precautions Act was passed in the Netherlands in 1936. The legislation emphasised individual responsibility for self-protection. This meant that citizens had to buy a gas mask themselves. The Gas Mask Decree (1937) required all gas mask models for Civil Defence units and civilians to be approved by the Dutch State Arsenal. Facepieces and filter canisters had to be marked with the State Acceptance Number and year(s) of approval and production. This paper identifies and describes the gas masks used by police, fire brigades, Civil Defence units and individual citizens, 1931-1940. Three models are heavy, regular Army box respirators, whose filter containers are worn in a haversack on the chest. All the other models are lighter civilian gas masks, with an easily replaceable screw-on filter canister attached to the facepiece. The gas masks were carried in a basic satchel or cylindrical metal case. Two Dutch-made gas masks have a peculiar design: the Veritex gas mask’s facepiece has a swimcap type hood; the Hevea-Electro Model 128 gas mask’s facepiece has no outlet valve. Air is inhaled and exhaled through the filter canister. 10.5117/9789048563739_breukers dd3d1a33-0ac2-4cfe-a101-355ae1bd857a 775b9ce2-6767-4643-8091-09792a1ba9b3 9789048563739 9789048563746 32 Amsterdam open access
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OAPEN
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Dutch
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Since poison gas was used during World War I, long-range bombers had been introduced and tensions were rising in Europe, the Air Raid Precautions Act was passed in the Netherlands in 1936. The legislation emphasised individual responsibility for self-protection. This meant that citizens had to buy a gas mask themselves. The Gas Mask Decree (1937) required all gas mask models for Civil Defence units and civilians to be approved by the Dutch State Arsenal. Facepieces and filter canisters had to be marked with the State Acceptance Number and year(s) of approval and production. This paper identifies and describes the gas masks used by police, fire brigades, Civil Defence units and individual citizens, 1931-1940. Three models are heavy, regular Army box respirators, whose filter containers are worn in a haversack on the chest. All the other models are lighter civilian gas masks, with an easily replaceable screw-on filter canister attached to the facepiece. The gas masks were carried in a basic satchel or cylindrical metal case. Two Dutch-made gas masks have a peculiar design: the Veritex gas mask’s facepiece has a swimcap type hood; the Hevea-Electro Model 128 gas mask’s facepiece has no outlet valve. Air is inhaled and exhaled through the filter canister.
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_BREUKERS.pdf
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9789048563739_breukers.pdf
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Amsterdam University Press
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2024
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1799945261570588672
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