Biomechanics of hard tissues : modeling, testing, and materials /

• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Öchsner, Andreas, Ahmed, Waqar
• Μορφή: Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, [2010]
• Θέματα: Human mechanics.; Musculoskeletal system > Mechanical properties.; Biomechanics.; MEDICAL > Surgery > General.; Knochen.; Knorpel.; Physikalische Eigenschaft.; Knochenersatz.; Gelenkendoprothese.; Biomechanik.; Electronic books.

This monograph assembles expert knowledge on the latest biomechanical modeling and testing of hard tissues, coupled with a concise introduction to the structural and physical properties of bone and cartilage. A strong focus lies on the current advances in understanding bone structure and function fr...

Πίνακας περιεχομένων:

• Machine generated contents note: 1. Bone and Cartilage
• its Structure and Physical Properties / Ryszard Wojnar
• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.1.1. The Structure of Living Organisms
• 1.1.2. Growth of Living Organisms
• 1.1.2.1. Ring-Shaped Grain Boundary
• 1.1.3. Planarity of Biological Structures
• 1.2. Macroscopic Structure of the Bone
• 1.2.1. Growth of the Bone
• 1.2.2. Structure of the Body
• 1.2.3. Macroscopic Structure of Skeleton
• 1.2.4. Apatite in the Bone
• 1.2.5. Structure of the Bone
• 1.3. Microscopic Structure of the Bone
• 1.3.1. General
• 1.3.2. Osteon
• 1.3.3. Bone Innervation
• 1.3.3.1. Anatomy of Bone Innervation
• 1.3.4. Bone Cells
• 1.3.4.1. Cells
• 1.3.4.2. Cell Membrane
• 1.3.4.3. Membrane Transport
• 1.3.4.4. Bone Cell Types
• 1.3.4.5. Osteoclasts
• 1.3.5. Cellular Image
• OPG/RANK/RANKL Signaling System
• 1.3.5.1. Osteoprotegerin
• 1.3.5.2. RANK/RANKL
• 1.3.5.3. TACE
• 1.3.5.4. Bone Modeling and Remodeling
• 1.3.6. Proteins and Amino Acids.
• 1.3.7. Collagen and its Properties
• 1.3.7.1. Molecular Structure
• 1.3.8. Geometry of Triple Helix
• 1.3.9. Polymer Thermodynamics
• 1.3.9.1. Thermodynamics
• 1.3.9.2. Ideal Chain
• 1.3.9.3. Wormlike Chain
• 1.3.9.4. Architecture of Biological Fibers
• 1.3.9.5. Architecture of Collagen Fibers in Human Osteon
• 1.3.9.6. Collagen Elasticity
• 1.4. Remarks and Conclusions
• 1.5. Comments
• 1.6. Acknowledgments
• References
• Further Reading
• 2. Numerical Simulation of Bone Remodeling Process Considering Interface Tissue Differentiation in Total Hip Replacements / Carlos R.M. Roesler
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Mechanical Adaptation of Bone
• 2.3. Constitutive Models
• 2.3.1. Bone Constitutive Model
• 2.3.2. Interface Constitutive Model
• 2.3.3. Model for Periprosthetic Adaptation
• 2.3.4. Model for Interfacial Adaptation
• 2.4. Numerical Examples
• 2.5. Final Remarks
• 2.6. Acknowledgments
• References
• 3. Bone as a Composite Material / Virginia L. Ferguson
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Bone Phases
• 3.2.1. Organic.
• 3.2.2. Mineral
• 3.2.3. Physical Structure of Bone Material
• 3.2.4. Water
• 3.3. Bone Phase Material Properties
• 3.3.1. Organic Matrix
• 3.3.2. Mineral Phase
• 3.3.3. Water
• 3.3.4. Elastic Modulus of Composite Materials
• 3.4. Bone as a Composite: Macroscopic Effects
• 3.5. Bone as a Composite: Microscale Effects
• 3.6. Bone as a Composite: Anisotropy Effects
• 3.7. Bone as a Composite: Implications
• References
• 4. Mechanobiological Models for Bone Tissue. Applications to Implant Design / Manuel Doblare
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. Biological and Mechanobiological Factors in Bone Remodeling and Bone Fracture Healing
• 4.2.1. Bone Remodeling
• 4.2.2. Bone Fracture Healing
• 4.3. Phenomenological Models of Bone Remodeling
• 4.4. Mechanistic Models of Bone Remodeling
• 4.5. Examples of Application of Bone Remodeling Models to Implant Design
• 4.6. Models of Tissue Differentiation. Application to Bone Fracture Healing
• 4.7. Mechanistic Models of Bone Fracture Healing
• 4.8. Examples of Application of Bone Fracture Healing Models to Implant Design.
• 4.9. Concluding Remarks
• References
• 5. Biomechanical Testing of Orthopedic Implants; Aspects of Tribology and Simulation / Yoshitaka Nakanishi
• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. Tribological Testing of Orthopedic Implants
• 5.3. Tribological Testing of Tissue from a Living Body
• 5.4. Theoretical Analysis for Tribological Issues
• References
• 6. Constitutive Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of Trabecular Bone
• Continuum Mechanical Approaches / Seyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Summary of Elasticity Theory and Continuum Mechanics
• 6.2.1. Stress Tensor and Decomposition
• 6.2.2. Invariants
• 6.3. Constitutive Equations
• 6.3.1. Linear Elastic Behavior: Generalized Hooke's Law for Isotropic Materials
• 6.3.2. Linear Elastic Behavior: Generalized Hooke's Law for Orthotopic Materials
• 6.3.3. Linear Elastic Behavior: Generalized Hooke's Law for Orthotropic Materials with Cubic Structure
• 6.3.4. Linear Elastic Behavior: Generalized Hooke's Law for Transverse Isotropic Materials
• 6.3.5. Plastic Behavior, Failure, and Limit Surface
• 6.4. The Structure of Trabecular Bone and Modeling Approaches.
• 6.4.1. Structural Analogies: Cellular Plastics and Metals
• 6.5. Conclusions
• References
• 7. Mechanical and Magnetic Stimulation on Cells for Bone Regeneration / Kuo-Kang Liu
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Mechanical Stimulation on Cells
• 7.2.1. Various Mechanical Stimulations
• 7.2.2. Techniques for Applying Mechanical Loading
• 7.2.3. Mechanotransduction
• 7.2.4. Mechanical Influences on Stem Cell
• 7.3. Magnetic Stimulation on Cells
• 7.3.1. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cell Stimulation
• 7.3.1.1. Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles
• 7.3.1.2. Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
• 7.3.2. Magnetic Stimulation
• 7.3.2.1. Magnetic Pulling
• 7.3.2.2. Magnetic Twisting
• 7.3.3. Limitation of Using Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cell Stimulation
• 7.3.4. Magnetic Stimulation and Cell Conditioning for Tissue Regeneration
• 7.4. Summary
• References
• 8. Joint Replacement Implants / Duncan E.T. Shepherd
• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. Biomaterials for Joint Replacement Implants
• 8.3. Joint Replacement Implants for Weight-Bearing Joints
• 8.3.1. Introduction
• 8.3.2. Hip Joint Replacement.
• 8.3.3. Knee Joint Replacement
• 8.3.4. Ankle Joint Replacement
• 8.3.5. Methods of Fixation for Weight-Bearing Joint Replacement Implants
• 8.4. Joint Replacement Implants for Joints of the Hand and Wrist
• 8.4.1. Introduction
• 8.4.2. Finger Joint Replacement
• 8.4.3. Wrist Joint Replacement
• 8.5. Design of Joint Replacement Implants
• 8.5.1. Introduction
• 8.5.2. Feasibility
• 8.5.3. Design
• 8.5.4. Verification
• 8.5.5. Manufacture
• 8.5.6. Validation
• 8.5.7. Design Transfer
• 8.5.8. Design Changes
• 8.6. Conclusions
• References
• 9. Interstitial Fluid Movement in Cortical Bone Tissue / Stephen C. Cowin
• 9.1. Introduction
• 9.2. Arterial Supply
• 9.2.1. Overview of the Arterial System in Bone
• 9.2.2. Dynamics of the Arterial System
• 9.2.3. Transcortical Arterial Hemodynamics
• 9.2.4. The Arterial System in Small Animals may be Different from that in Humans
• 9.3. Microvascular Network of the Medullary Canal
• 9.4. Microvascular Network of Cortical Bone
• 9.5. Venous Drainage of Bone
• 9.6. Bone Lymphatics and Blood Vessel Trans-Wall Transport.
• 9.7. The Levels of Bone Porosity and their Bone Interfaces
• 9.7.1. The Vascular Porosity (PV)
• 9.7.2. The Lacunar-Canalicular Porosity (PLC)
• 9.7.3. The Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Porosity (PCA)
• 9.7.4. Cancellous Bone Porosity
• 9.7.5. The Interfaces between the Levels of Bone Porosity
• 9.8. Interstitial Fluid Flow
• 9.8.1. The Different Fluid Pressures in Long Bones (Blood Pressure, Interstitial Fluid Pressure, and Intramedullary Pressure)
• 9.8.2. Interstitial Flow and Mechanosensation
• 9.8.3. Electrokinetic Effects in Bone
• 9.8.4. The Poroelastic Model for the Cortical Bone
• 9.8.5. Interchange of Interstitial Fluid between the Vascular and Lacunar-Canalicular Porosities
• 9.8.6. Implications for the Determination of the Permeabilities
• References
• 10. Bone Implant Design Using Optimization Methods / Joao Folgado
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. Optimization Methods for Implant Design
• 10.2.1. Cemented Stems
• 10.2.2. Uncemented Stems
• 10.3. Design Requirements for a Cementless Hip Stem
• 10.3.1. Implant Stability
• 10.3.2. Stress Shielding Effect.
• 10.4. Multicriteria Formulation for Hip Stem Design
• 10.4.1. Design Variables and Geometry
• 10.4.2. Objective Function for Interface Displacement
• 10.4.3. Objective Function for Interface Stress
• 10.4.4. Objective Function for Bone Remodeling
• 10.4.5. Multicriteria Objective Function
• 10.5. Computational Model
• 10.5.1. Optimization Algorithm
• 10.5.2. Finite Element Model
• 10.6. Optimal Geometries Analysis
• 10.6.1. Optimal Geometry for Tangential Interfacial Displacement
• fd
• 10.6.2. Optimal Geometry for Normal Contact Stress -ft
• 10.6.3. Optimal Geometry for Remodeling -fr
• 10.6.4. Multicriteria Optimal Geometries -fmc
• 10.7. Long-Term Performance of Optimized Implants
• 10.8. Concluding Remarks
• References.