Fluid dynamics of the midlatitude atmosphere /
This book gives a coherent development of the current understanding of the fluid dynamics of the middle latitude atmosphere. It is primarily aimed at post-graduate and advanced undergraduate level students and does not assume any previous knowledge of fluid mechanics, meteorology or atmospheric scie...
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| Άλλοι συγγραφείς: | |
| Μορφή: | Ηλ. βιβλίο |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Έκδοση: |
Chichester, West Sussex :
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2014.
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| Σειρά: | Advancing weather and climate science.
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| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | Full Text via HEAL-Link |
Πίνακας περιεχομένων:
- Advancing Weather and Climate Science Series; Title page; Copyright page; Series foreword; Preface; Select bibliography; References; The authors; 1 Observed flow in the Earth's midlatitudes; 1.1 Vertical structure; 1.2 Horizontal structure; 1.3 Transient activity; 1.4 Scales of motion; 1.5 The Norwegian frontal model of cyclones; Theme 1: Fluid dynamics of the midlatitude atmosphere; 2 Fluid dynamics in an inertial frame of reference; 2.1 Definition of fluid; 2.2 Flow variables and the continuum hypothesis; 2.3 Kinematics: characterizing fluid flow; 2.4 Governing physical principles
- 2.5 Lagrangian and Eulerian perspectives2.6 Mass conservation equation; 2.7 First Law of Thermodynamics; 2.8 Newton's Second Law of Motion; 2.9 Bernoulli's Theorem; 2.10 Heating and water vapour; 3 Rotating frames of reference; 3.1 Vectors in a rotating frame of reference; 3.2 Velocity and Acceleration; 3.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame; 3.4 The centrifugal pseudo-force; 3.5 The Coriolis pseudo-force; 3.6 The Taylor-Proudman theorem; 4 The spherical Earth; 4.1 Spherical polar coordinates; 4.2 Scalar equations; 4.3 The momentum equations; 4.4 Energy and angular momentum
- 4.5 The shallow atmosphere approximation4.6 The beta effect and the spherical Earth; 5 Scale analysis and its applications; 5.1 Principles of scaling methods; 5.2 The use of a reference atmosphere; 5.3 The horizontal momentum equations; 5.4 Natural coordinates, geostrophic and gradient wind balance; 5.5 Vertical motion; 5.6 The vertical momentum equation; 5.7 The mass continuity equation; 5.8 The thermodynamic energy equation; 5.9 Scalings for Rossby numbers that are not small; 6 Alternative vertical coordinates; 6.1 A general vertical coordinate; 6.2 Isobaric coordinates
- 6.3 Other pressure-based vertical coordinates6.4 Isentropic coordinates; 7 Variations of density and the basic equations; 7.1 Boussinesq approximation; 7.2 Anelastic approximation; 7.3 Stratification and gravity waves; 7.4 Balance, gravity waves and Richardson number; 7.5 Summary of the basic equation sets; 7.6 The energy of atmospheric motions; Theme 2: Rotation in the atmosphere; 8 Rotation in the atmosphere; 8.1 The concept of vorticity; 8.2 The vorticity equation; 8.3 The vorticity equation for approximate sets of equations; 8.4 The solenoidal term; 8.5 The expansion/contraction term
- 8.6 The stretching and tilting terms8.7 Friction and vorticity; 8.8 The vorticity equation in alternative vertical coordinates; 8.9 Circulation; 9 Vorticity and the barotropic vorticity equation; 9.1 The barotropic vorticity equation; 9.2 Poisson's equation and vortex interactions; 9.3 Flow over a shallow hill; 9.4 Ekman pumping; 9.5 Rossby waves and the beta plane; 9.6 Rossby group velocity; 9.7 Rossby ray tracing; 9.8 Inflexion point instability; 10 Potential vorticity; 10.1 Potential vorticity; 10.2 Alternative derivations of Ertel's theorem; 10.3 The principle of invertibility
