Hydraulic fracturing operations : handbook of environmental management practices /

• Κύριοι συγγραφείς: Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. (Συγγραφέας), Davletshin, Anton (Συγγραφέας)
• Άλλοι συγγραφείς: Dayal, M. (Mohit) (Επιμελητής έκδοσης)
• Μορφή: Ηλ. βιβλίο
• Γλώσσα: English
• Έκδοση: Beverly, MA : Scrivener Publishing., [2015]
• Θέματα: Hydraulic fracturing > Environmental aspects.; Hydraulic fracturing.; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Real Estate / General; Electronic books.

 Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Technology Overview -- 1.2. Benefits, Environmental Deterents, Hurdles and Public Safety -- 1.2.1. Key Drivers -- 1.2.2. Environmental Deterrents -- 1.2.3. Hurdles and Public Safety -- 1.3. U.S. Resources and Standing -- 1.4. Worldwide Levels of Activity -- 1.5. The Role of Water -- 1.5.1. Water Acquisition -- 1.5.2. Chemical Mixing -- 1.5.3. Well Injection -- 2.1. U.S. Environmental Regulations -- 2.1.1. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) -- 2.1.2. Clean Water Act (CWA) -- 2.1.3. Oil Pollution Prevention (Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Regulations) -- 2.1.4. Oil Pollution Act (OPA) -- 2.1.5. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) -- 2.1.6. Clean Air Act (CAA) -- 2.1.7. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) -- 2.1.8. Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) -- 2.1.9. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) -- 2.2. Historical Evolution of Regulations Affecting Oil and Gas -- 2.3. RCRA Exemptions -- 2.4. Permitting Rules -- 2.4.1. California Rules -- 2.4.1.1. Restrictions -- 2.4.1.2. Conditions -- 3.1. Memorandum of Agreement Between the U.S. EPA and Industry -- 3.2. Chemicals Used -- 3.3. Safe Handling and Emergency Response to Spills and Fires -- 3.4. Storage Tanks -- 3.5. Risk Management -- 3.6. Establishing a Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan -- 3.6.1. Roles and Responsibilities -- 3.6.2. Standard Procedures for Any Spill -- 3.6.3. Training -- 4.1. Overview -- 4.2. Water Quality Criteria, Standards, Parameters, and Limits -- 4.3. Wastewater Characterization -- 4.4. Wastewater Management Alternatives -- 4.5. Water Treatment Technologies -- 4.5.1. Separators -- 4.5.1.1. API Separators -- 4.5.2. Other Types of Separators -- 4.5.3. Dissolved Gas Flotation -- 4.5.4. Activated Carbon -- 4.5.5. Nut Shell Filters -- 4.5.6. Organi-Clay Adsorbants -- 4.5.7. Chemical Oxidation -- 4.5.7.1. Chemistry -- 4.5.8. UV Disinfection -- 4.5.9. Biological Processes -- 4.5.10. Membrane Filtration -- 4.5.11. RO and Nanofiltration -- 4.5.12. Air Stripping -- 4.5.13. Chemical Precipitation -- 4.5.14. Thickeners -- 4.5.15. Settling Ponds/Sedimentation -- 4.5.16. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) -- 4.5.17. Ion Exchange -- 4.5.18. Crystallization -- 4.5.19. Advanced Integrated Systems -- 4.6. Deep Well Injection of Wastes -- 4.7. Overall Assessment of Wastewater Management Alternatives -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Water Use by the Oil and Gas Energy Sector -- 5.3. Overview of Water Management Practices -- 5.3.1.Characteristics of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water -- 5.3.2. Characteristics of Produced Water -- 5.3.3. Water and Mass Balances -- 5.4. Wastewater Treatment Technologies -- 5.4.1. Influent Conditions -- 5.4.2. Technology Evaluation -- 5.4.3. Treatment End Points -- 5.4.4. Regulatory Compliance -- 5.5. Alternatives to Conventional Wastewater Treatment -- 5.5.1. Saltwater Disposal Well Solutions -- 5.5.2. Ponding and Land Disposal -- 5.5.3. Treatment for Recycle/Reuse -- 5.6. Project Management -- 5.6.1. Planning and Implementing a New System -- 5.6.1.1. Phase I: Engineering Feasibility Study -- 5.6.1.2. Phase II: Engineering Design -- 5.6.1.3. Phase III: Procurement, Fabrication, Construction, and Start-up -- 5.6.2. Battery Limits and Interfaces -- 5.6.3. Mobile, Transportable, and Fixed Base Treatment Systems -- 5.6.4. Contract and Pricing -- 5.6.5. Morphing Site Conditions -- 5.7. Economics of Wastewater Treatment -- 5.7.1. Traditional Engineering Cost Estimating -- 5.7.2. Accounting for Contingencies and Risk -- 5.7.3. Current Pricing for Water Management Services -- 5.8. State-of-the-Art Water Management Project -- 5.9. Special Challenges in the Oil and Gas Energy Sector -- 5.9.1. Overcoming an Image -- 5.9.2. Morphing into a Recycle/Reuse Mode -- 5.9.3. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6.1. Overview -- 6.2. API Good Practices for Well Design and Construction -- 6.3. Integrity Failure -- 6.3.1. Blow-Out Preventers -- 6.4. Abandonment and Closure -- 6.5. Best Practices for Site Operations -- References -- 7.1. The Problem -- 7.2. Methodology of Air Pollution Control -- 7.3. Remote Sensing and Monitoring -- 7.4. Leak Detection and Repair -- 7.4.1. Method 21 General Procedure -- 7.4.2. Auditing Practices -- 7.5. Use of Flares -- 7.5.1. Overview and Changing Practices -- 7.5.2. Terminology -- 7.5.3. Combustion Principles -- 7.5.4. Ignition -- 7.5.5. Flammability and Flammable Mixtures -- 7.5.6. Gas Mixtures -- 7.5.7. Practical Applications -- 7.5.8. MARAMA Guidelines for Calculating Flare Emissions -- 7.5.8.1. Vent Gas Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors -- 7.5.8.2. Natural Gas Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors -- 7.5.9. Propane and Butane Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors -- 7.5.10. TCEQ New Source Review (NSR) Emission Calculations -- 7.5.11. AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors -- 7.6. Fugitive Dust Discharges -- 7.6.1. Particle Attributes and Potential Health Effects -- 7.6.2. Estimating Dust Discharges -- 7.6.3. Managing Dust Emissions -- 7.6.4. Dust Monitoring -- 7.7. Compressor Stations -- 7.8. Dehydrators -- 7.8.1. Recommended References -- 8.1. Overview -- 8.2. The Challenges of Managing Water Resources -- 8.3. The Challenges of Managing Air Quality -- 8.4. The Challenges of Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 8.5. The Challenges of Managing Man-Made Seismicity.