Hydraulic fracturing operations : handbook of environmental management practices /
| Κύριοι συγγραφείς: | , |
|---|---|
| Άλλοι συγγραφείς: | |
| Μορφή: | Ηλ. βιβλίο |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Έκδοση: |
Beverly, MA :
Scrivener Publishing.,
[2015]
|
| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | Full Text via HEAL-Link |
Πίνακας περιεχομένων:
- Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Technology Overview
- 1.2. Benefits, Environmental Deterents, Hurdles and Public Safety
- 1.2.1. Key Drivers
- 1.2.2. Environmental Deterrents
- 1.2.3. Hurdles and Public Safety
- 1.3. U.S. Resources and Standing
- 1.4. Worldwide Levels of Activity
- 1.5. The Role of Water
- 1.5.1. Water Acquisition
- 1.5.2. Chemical Mixing
- 1.5.3. Well Injection
- 2.1. U.S. Environmental Regulations
- 2.1.1. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
- 2.1.2. Clean Water Act (CWA)
- 2.1.3. Oil Pollution Prevention (Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Regulations)
- 2.1.4. Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
- 2.1.5. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
- 2.1.6. Clean Air Act (CAA)
- 2.1.7. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
- 2.1.8. Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund)
- 2.1.9. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
- 2.2. Historical Evolution of Regulations Affecting Oil and Gas
- 2.3. RCRA Exemptions
- 2.4. Permitting Rules
- 2.4.1. California Rules
- 2.4.1.1. Restrictions
- 2.4.1.2. Conditions
- 3.1. Memorandum of Agreement Between the U.S. EPA and Industry
- 3.2. Chemicals Used
- 3.3. Safe Handling and Emergency Response to Spills and Fires
- 3.4. Storage Tanks
- 3.5. Risk Management
- 3.6. Establishing a Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures Plan
- 3.6.1. Roles and Responsibilities
- 3.6.2. Standard Procedures for Any Spill
- 3.6.3. Training
- 4.1. Overview
- 4.2. Water Quality Criteria, Standards, Parameters, and Limits
- 4.3. Wastewater Characterization
- 4.4. Wastewater Management Alternatives
- 4.5. Water Treatment Technologies
- 4.5.1. Separators
- 4.5.1.1. API Separators
- 4.5.2. Other Types of Separators
- 4.5.3. Dissolved Gas Flotation
- 4.5.4. Activated Carbon
- 4.5.5. Nut Shell Filters
- 4.5.6. Organi-Clay Adsorbants
- 4.5.7. Chemical Oxidation
- 4.5.7.1. Chemistry
- 4.5.8. UV Disinfection
- 4.5.9. Biological Processes
- 4.5.10. Membrane Filtration
- 4.5.11. RO and Nanofiltration
- 4.5.12. Air Stripping
- 4.5.13. Chemical Precipitation
- 4.5.14. Thickeners
- 4.5.15. Settling Ponds/Sedimentation
- 4.5.16. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)
- 4.5.17. Ion Exchange
- 4.5.18. Crystallization
- 4.5.19. Advanced Integrated Systems
- 4.6. Deep Well Injection of Wastes
- 4.7. Overall Assessment of Wastewater Management Alternatives
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Water Use by the Oil and Gas Energy Sector
- 5.3. Overview of Water Management Practices
- 5.3.1.Characteristics of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water
- 5.3.2. Characteristics of Produced Water
- 5.3.3. Water and Mass Balances
- 5.4. Wastewater Treatment Technologies
- 5.4.1. Influent Conditions
- 5.4.2. Technology Evaluation
- 5.4.3. Treatment End Points
- 5.4.4. Regulatory Compliance
- 5.5. Alternatives to Conventional Wastewater Treatment
- 5.5.1. Saltwater Disposal Well Solutions
- 5.5.2. Ponding and Land Disposal
- 5.5.3. Treatment for Recycle/Reuse
- 5.6. Project Management
- 5.6.1. Planning and Implementing a New System
- 5.6.1.1. Phase I: Engineering Feasibility Study
- 5.6.1.2. Phase II: Engineering Design
- 5.6.1.3. Phase III: Procurement, Fabrication, Construction, and Start-up
- 5.6.2. Battery Limits and Interfaces
- 5.6.3. Mobile, Transportable, and Fixed Base Treatment Systems
- 5.6.4. Contract and Pricing
- 5.6.5. Morphing Site Conditions
- 5.7. Economics of Wastewater Treatment
- 5.7.1. Traditional Engineering Cost Estimating
- 5.7.2. Accounting for Contingencies and Risk
- 5.7.3. Current Pricing for Water Management Services
- 5.8. State-of-the-Art Water Management Project
- 5.9. Special Challenges in the Oil and Gas Energy Sector
- 5.9.1. Overcoming an Image
- 5.9.2. Morphing into a Recycle/Reuse Mode
- 5.9.3. Concluding Remarks
- References
- 6.1. Overview
- 6.2. API Good Practices for Well Design and Construction
- 6.3. Integrity Failure
- 6.3.1. Blow-Out Preventers
- 6.4. Abandonment and Closure
- 6.5. Best Practices for Site Operations
- References
- 7.1. The Problem
- 7.2. Methodology of Air Pollution Control
- 7.3. Remote Sensing and Monitoring
- 7.4. Leak Detection and Repair
- 7.4.1. Method 21 General Procedure
- 7.4.2. Auditing Practices
- 7.5. Use of Flares
- 7.5.1. Overview and Changing Practices
- 7.5.2. Terminology
- 7.5.3. Combustion Principles
- 7.5.4. Ignition
- 7.5.5. Flammability and Flammable Mixtures
- 7.5.6. Gas Mixtures
- 7.5.7. Practical Applications
- 7.5.8. MARAMA Guidelines for Calculating Flare Emissions
- 7.5.8.1. Vent Gas Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors
- 7.5.8.2. Natural Gas Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors
- 7.5.9. Propane and Butane Air Pollutant Equation Emission Factors
- 7.5.10. TCEQ New Source Review (NSR) Emission Calculations
- 7.5.11. AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
- 7.6. Fugitive Dust Discharges
- 7.6.1. Particle Attributes and Potential Health Effects
- 7.6.2. Estimating Dust Discharges
- 7.6.3. Managing Dust Emissions
- 7.6.4. Dust Monitoring
- 7.7. Compressor Stations
- 7.8. Dehydrators
- 7.8.1. Recommended References
- 8.1. Overview
- 8.2. The Challenges of Managing Water Resources
- 8.3. The Challenges of Managing Air Quality
- 8.4. The Challenges of Managing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- 8.5. The Challenges of Managing Man-Made Seismicity.
